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Categories of mental disorders | Behavior | MCAT | Khan Academy

khanacademymedicine・12 minutes read

Mental disorders encompass various conditions defined by distress or disability, categorized by the ICD-10 and DSM-5, with top-level categories including neurodevelopmental, neurocognitive, anxiety, depressive, bipolar, schizophrenia, trauma-related, and more, each with distinct symptoms and characteristics. The DSM-5 also covers disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, personality disorders, somatic symptoms, dissociative disorders, sexual dysfunctions, paraphilic disorders, and "other disorders" not fitting specific categories, emphasizing the wide range and complexity of mental health conditions.

Insights

  • Mental disorders are defined by distress or disability, setting them apart from normal behaviors, and are classified by systems like the ICD-10 and DSM-5, which categorize various conditions.
  • The DSM-5 outlines 20 top-level categories of mental disorders, ranging from neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders to anxiety, depressive, and trauma-related disorders, highlighting the diverse range of conditions encompassed within the classification system.

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Recent questions

  • What distinguishes mental disorders from normal behavior?

    Mental disorders are defined by distress or disability, setting them apart from typical variations in behavior within a culture. This distinction helps identify conditions that require intervention or treatment, as they significantly impact an individual's well-being and functioning.

  • How are mental disorders categorized?

    Mental disorders are categorized using two main systems: the ICD-10 from the World Health Organization and the DSM-5 from the American Psychiatric Association. These systems provide a framework for classifying different conditions based on their symptoms and characteristics, aiding in diagnosis and treatment planning.

  • What are some examples of neurocognitive disorders?

    Neurocognitive disorders involve cognitive function loss after nervous system development, with categories like delirium and major neurocognitive disorder (dementia). These conditions can significantly impact memory, reasoning, and other cognitive abilities, affecting daily functioning and quality of life.

  • What are the key features of anxiety disorders?

    Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive worry or fear, encompassing conditions like phobias and generalized anxiety disorder. Individuals with these disorders may experience persistent feelings of unease or panic, impacting their ability to cope with everyday stressors and situations.

  • What are the characteristics of depressive disorders?

    Depressive disorders involve negative mood, hopelessness, and loss of enjoyment, often accompanied by a high suicide risk. These conditions can significantly impair an individual's emotional well-being and functioning, requiring appropriate treatment and support to manage symptoms effectively.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

Understanding Mental Disorders: Categories and Symptoms

  • Mental disorders encompass a vast number of conditions, often with overlapping features, excluding those caused by medications, substances, or other medical conditions.
  • Distress or disability is a key factor in defining mental disorders, distinguishing them from normal variations in behavior within a culture.
  • Two main systems categorize mental disorders: the ICD-10 from the World Health Organization and the DSM-5 from the American Psychiatric Association.
  • The DSM-5 includes 20 top-level categories, starting with neurodevelopmental disorders affecting nervous system development and mental function.
  • Neurocognitive disorders involve cognitive function loss after nervous system development, with categories like delirium and major neurocognitive disorder (dementia).
  • Sleep-wake disorders relate to sleep abnormalities like insomnia and sleepwalking.
  • Anxiety disorders involve excessive worry or fear, including phobias and generalized anxiety disorder.
  • Depressive disorders entail negative mood, hopelessness, and loss of enjoyment, with a high suicide risk.
  • Bipolar and related disorders feature abnormal mood shifts, including periods of mania with risky behaviors.
  • Schizophrenia spectrum and psychotic disorders involve psychosis symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.
  • Trauma-and-stressor-related disorders stem from traumatic events, with PTSD as a common example.
  • Substance-related and addictive disorders result from substance misuse, including alcohol, opioids, and gambling.
  • Personality disorders deviate from societal norms, categorized into clusters A, B, and C based on behavior patterns.
  • Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders involve disruptive behaviors, while obsessive-compulsive disorders feature obsessions and compulsions.
  • Somatic symptom and related disorders manifest physical symptoms from psychological origins, like abdominal pain due to stress.
  • Feeding and eating disorders include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, affecting food intake.
  • Dissociative disorders cause identity or memory abnormalities, sometimes leading to multiple personalities.
  • Sexual dysfunctions and gender dysphoria involve distress from sexual activity or gender identity conflicts.
  • Paraphilic disorders relate to sexual arousal from unusual stimuli, not considered a disorder unless causing distress or harm.
  • The "other disorders" category encompasses cases that do not fit into specific categories but still exhibit mental disorder symptoms.

16:15

"DSM-5 Top-Level Categories Overview"

  • Discusses top-level categories of the DSM-5
  • Video will not cover all categories to maintain a reasonable length
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