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Carbohydrates | Fats | Nutrition | BSc Nursing 1st Year | Lifeline Batch

Nursing Wallah by PW・59 minutes read

The text discusses the importance of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in nutrition, their classifications into macro and micro nutrients, and their role as sources of energy. It also delves into the chemical composition of carbohydrates, the formulae for different carbon numbers, and common examples like glucose, fructose, and galactose.

Insights

Carbohydrates are a vital source of energy in the body, with glucose, fructose, and galactose being key components, and their different forms like monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides have varying structures and functions.
The body requires a significant amount of carbohydrates daily, with jaggery and sweet potatoes being rich sources, but exceeding or falling below the recommended intake can have adverse effects, such as ketoacidosis with insufficient intake or obesity with excessive consumption.

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What are macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins essential for the body.

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Summary

00:00

Understanding Macronutrients: Carbs, Fats, Proteins

The session focuses on nutrition, particularly carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Nutrients are classified into macro and micro categories based on their quantity requirements in the body.
Macro nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, while micro nutrients consist of vitamins and minerals.
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2 ratio.
Glucose is a common example of a carbohydrate.
Carbohydrates serve as an instant and rich source of energy in the body.
Carbohydrates are classified into monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Monosaccharides are single sugar molecules like glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Oligosaccharides are formed by combining 2 to 8 monosaccharide molecules.
Polysaccharides, like starch and glycogen, are formed by combining more than 10 monosaccharide molecules.

23:13

Carbon Numbers and Their Corresponding Formulas

If the carbon number is two, the formula becomes C2H4.
For a carbon number of two, the formula is S2A4O2, known as biogen, with an example being glycolic aldehyde.
When the carbon number is three, the formula changes to S3A6O3, called Triose, often containing glyceraldehyde.
If the carbon number is four (n=4), the formula becomes C4H8O4, known as tetras, with an example being erythromycin.
For a carbon number of five, the formula is C5H10O5, referred to as pentose, with an example being ribose found in RNA and DNA.
When the carbon number is six, the formula changes to C6A1O6, known as hexose, with examples including glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Glucose is also called dextrose or grape sugar, serving as an instant source of energy with the formula C6H12O6.
Fructose, known as fruit sugar or honey sugar, is essential for providing energy to sperm cells for fertilization.
Galactose, also called milk sugar, combines with glucose to form lactose, crucial for energy provision to sperm cells.
Oligosaccharides are composed of 2 to 8 molecules of monosaccharides, often divided into disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides, with disaccharides being the most common.

45:18

"Sweeteners and Stool Softeners in Nutrition"

Galactose is formed by combining glucose and galactose, also known as milk sugar or lactose.
Lactose is the synthetic form of milk sugar, also known as lect loj.
Lactose acts as a stool softener for people experiencing constipation.
Synthetic lactose, lect loz, is used as a sweetener in products like toffee and chocolate.
Sucrose, formed from glucose and fructose, is also known as table sugar, cane sugar, or beet sugar.
Synthetic sucrose is used as a sweetener in various products, including soft drinks and chocolates.
Sucrose is used as a sweetener for diabetic patients to avoid sugar intake.
Poly Sakera Id is divided into Homo Poly Sakera Id and Hetero Poly Sakera Id based on the linkage of Mono Sakera Id units.
Homo Poly Sakera Id has similar Mono Sakera Id units in a chain, while Hetero Poly Sakera Id has different types of Mono Sakera Id units.
Examples of Homo Poly Sakera Id include starch and glycogen, while Hetero Poly Sakera Id includes Hipenheim Acid.

01:04:01

"Carbohydrates: Energy Source, RDA, Metabolism, Risks"

Carbohydrates serve as an energy source, providing 4 kcal per gram.
The body requires 2400 kcal daily, with 50-70% coming from carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates act as a protein-sparing source, preserving protein breakdown.
Glucose, derived from carbohydrates, is the primary energy source before protein and fat.
Carbohydrates are sourced from potatoes, honey, jaggery, sweet potatoes, bananas, and more.
Jaggery is the richest carbohydrate source, followed by sweet potatoes.
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for carbohydrates is 300 grams per day.
Consuming less than 100 grams of carbohydrates daily can lead to ketoacidosis.
Exceeding 300 grams of carbohydrates daily can cause obesity.
Carbohydrate metabolism involves glycolysis, the link reaction, and the Crab Cycle, yielding 36-38 ATP from one glucose molecule.

01:22:37

Nutrition essentials: fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals

Glyco neogenesis refers to the formation of glycogen from non-carbohydrate substances.
Glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.
Lipids, also known as fats, are organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like alcohol.
Triglycerides, the simplest form of fat, consist of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.
Classification of fats includes simple fats, compound fats, derivatives, and lipids.
Proteins are made up of amino acids, with essential and non-essential amino acids being crucial.
Vitamins like A, B, C, D, E, and K, as well as essential minerals like iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium, play vital roles in nutrition.

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