Blood transfusion reactions and transplant rejection: Pathology Review
Osmosis from Elsevier・2 minutes read
Adam likely experienced a blood transfusion reaction, presenting with symptoms like shortness of breath, vomiting, rash, and low blood pressure, while Jack appears to be undergoing transplant rejection post-kidney transplantation, characterized by fever, malaise, and high blood pressure. Various types of blood transfusion reactions, including anaphylactic, acute hemolytic, delayed hemolytic, febrile non-hemolytic, transfusion-related acute lung injury, and transfusion-associated circulatory overload, are important to recognize due to distinct presentations and potential severity.
Insights
- Adam's symptoms indicate a blood transfusion reaction, while Jack is likely experiencing transplant rejection, showcasing the diverse complications that can arise post-medical procedures.
- Understanding the six types of blood transfusion reactions, from anaphylactic to febrile non-hemolytic, is crucial for prompt identification and appropriate management, highlighting the complexity and potential severity of adverse transfusion events.
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Recent questions
What are the symptoms of an anaphylactic transfusion reaction?
An anaphylactic transfusion reaction is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction mediated by the recipient's IgE antibodies against plasma proteins. Symptoms include urticaria, fever, wheezing, hypotension, and anaphylactic shock.
How does acute hemolytic transfusion reaction occur?
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction, a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction, happens due to blood type incompatibility, leading to intravascular hemolysis. Symptoms include fever, hypotension, and jaundice.
What is the typical presentation of delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction?
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction usually occurs within one to two weeks post-transfusion due to antibodies against minor antigens. It results in extravascular hemolysis with mild symptoms like fever and jaundice.
What is transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)?
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a severe reaction causing non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. It is characterized by respiratory distress, fever, and hypotension, with treatment involving respiratory support.
How can graft versus host disease be prevented?
Prevention of graft versus host disease involves irradiating blood products to eliminate lymphocytes before transfusion. However, it can be intentionally induced in leukemia patients for a graft versus tumor effect.
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