Biotechnology in One Shot | Fast Track Series for NEET 2023 | Seep Pahuja
Unacademy NEET・7 minutes read
The biotechnology unit covers two chapters with a high weightage in exams, offering a crash course with live lectures and mentorship at a discounted price. The focus is on understanding genetic engineering principles, bio processing, and gene cloning in modern biotechnology practices.
Insights
- Biotechnology unit in the academy consists of two chapters, Principles and Process Of Biotechnology, with a total of around 11 exam questions carrying a high weightage of 44 marks.
- Techniques in biotechnology, such as genetic engineering and gene cloning, allow for the manipulation of living cells at a molecular level to alter DNA and create desired products and services.
- The crash course starting on 20th January offers 286 live lectures over 90 days, focusing on completing the syllabus for all three subjects with mentorship, counseling, and test series at a discounted price of $499.
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Recent questions
What is biotechnology?
Biotechnology involves genetic engineering and bio processing.
How is gene cloning performed?
Gene cloning involves isolating, replicating, and multiplying desired genes.
What are vectors in genetic engineering?
Vectors are used for cloning and transformation in genetic engineering.
How is DNA amplified in genetic experiments?
DNA is replicated through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplification.
What is the significance of downstream processing in biotechnology?
Downstream processing involves separating and purifying DNA products for market launch.
Related videos
Summary
00:00
Biotechnology Crash Course: Fast Track Revision Strategy
- The next unit in the academy will focus on biotechnology after covering genetics.
- The biotechnology unit consists of two chapters: Principles and Process Of Biotechnology.
- These chapters have around 11 questions in exams, with a high weightage of 44 marks.
- The topics in biotechnology are directly from NCERT, making it easy to understand and score well.
- The unit will be covered chapter by chapter, with a focus on understanding and revision.
- The fast track revision strategy involves covering one chapter per day.
- The crash course starting on 20th January includes 286 live lectures over 90 days.
- The crash course offers mentorship, counseling, and test series at a discounted price of $499.
- The crash course aims to complete the syllabus in 90 days with daily classes for all three subjects.
- The focus is on pen, paper, and focus during classes to ensure effective learning and revision.
15:18
"Modern Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering and Cloning"
- Biotechnology has been practiced for years, even before it was named, with examples like curd making and dosa preparation.
- Techniques like IVF have advanced, involving the extraction of sperm for fertilization and creating zygotes and embryos in labs.
- Living cells are manipulated through biotechnology, allowing for genetic engineering to alter DNA at a molecular level.
- The European Federation of Biotechnology defines biotechnology as integrating natural science with molecular analogs to create products and services.
- Genetic engineering involves altering DNA or RNA to introduce desired genes into a host, changing its phenotype.
- The process of genetic engineering is followed by bio process engineering, ensuring sterile conditions for cell multiplication in labs.
- Modern biotechnology principles include genetic engineering and bio processing, with gene cloning to multiply desired genes in hosts.
- Gene cloning involves identifying desired genes, replicating them in hosts like Pushkar and Subhashree, and multiplying them for desired outcomes.
- The steps in gene cloning include identifying desired genes, isolating them, and replicating them in hosts for further applications.
- Understanding and applying the principles of genetic engineering, bio processing, and gene cloning are essential in modern biotechnology practices.
32:43
Gene Cloning: Creating Recombinant DNA in E. coli
- Identification of Dheere Jin Kiya Son is completed in this case.
- The host in question is Pushkar's cell, which is second.
- The initial step involves the introduction to the gene of interest.
- The process in genetic engineering includes isolating and introducing the gene into the host to reduce the host cells' ability to multiply.
- The first experiment involved creating recombinant DNA by inserting Subhashree's DNA into Pushkar's cell.
- The experiment was conducted by scientists Tanya and Herbert Boyer, with Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer being remembered for their work.
- Antibiotic-resistant genes were transferred to E. coli to make it resistant to antibiotics.
- The process involved cutting the gene of interest with a restriction endonuclease and inserting it into a vector.
- The recombinant vector was then inserted into the host, E. coli, to transform it.
- The host multiplied, resulting in the creation of multiple copies of the gene of interest through gene cloning.
51:54
"Restriction Enzymes: Cutting and Cloning DNA"
- Sticky belongs to someone, forms hydrogen bonds
- Different types of restriction enzymes
- Endonucleus cuts at the center
- Relationship not broken by cut, hydrogen bonds remain
- Blunt ends created by cutting away from the center
- Sticky ends created by cutting at the center
- Naming of restriction enzymes based on genus and order of isolation
- 900 restriction enzymes isolated from bacteria
- Prokaryotes use restriction enzymes as natural defense
- Vector used in genetic engineering for cloning and transformation
01:10:10
"NCERT Vectors: High Copy Numbers and Cloning"
- NCERT is essential for studying vectors, particularly for understanding two types of vector sons.
- Bacteriophage is a vector used due to its high copy number, ranging from 15 to 100.
- The high copy number allows for the multiplication of copies of the vector, aiding in engineering and selection of recombinant.
- The story emphasizes the importance of high copy numbers in vectors like Plasmid br322.
- Cloning vectors like Plasmid br322 have antibiotic resistance genes like tetra bomb h1 and soul van.
- Cloning sites should have specific requirements like PST van and bomb h1, with only one enzyme per site to avoid complexity.
- Inserting foreign DNA into vectors like Plasmid br322 can inactivate genes like tetracycline resistance.
- The process of transformation in experiments may not always result in success, leading to non-transformants.
- The importance of direct interaction with teachers for guidance and support in studies is highlighted.
- The significance of hard work, dedication, and the right direction in studying to achieve success is emphasized over mere mental satisfaction or showing off.
01:28:36
"Crucial Focus: Achieving Success Through Diligence"
- Focus on the last over in cricket, particularly on the bowlers' performance and attitude.
- Emphasize the importance of maintaining focus and avoiding distractions during crucial moments.
- Stress the significance of hard work and dedication in achieving success, rather than relying on luck.
- Highlight the necessity of consistent practice and timely completion of tasks for success.
- Encourage students to focus on their studies and practice diligently to achieve their goals.
- Provide guidance on effective study habits, including using handwritten notes and practicing regularly.
- Explain the process of selecting students based on hard work rather than luck.
- Detail the steps involved in a scientific experiment involving plasmids and DNA transformation.
- Describe the significance of specific enzymes and genes in genetic experiments.
- Discuss the role of vectors in genetic engineering and the importance of replacing harmful DNA with beneficial genes.
01:45:21
"Gene Expression and DNA Amplification Techniques"
- The desire gene is to be expressed, starting with the vector for animals, particularly retroviruses in animals.
- Retroviruses are crucial in gene expression in animals, especially in lymphocytes.
- Shuttle vectors are essential for gene transfer in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
- Isolation of DNA involves breaking down the cell wall, membrane, and proteins to extract DNA.
- DNA isolation is followed by precipitation using ethanol to collect DNA threads.
- Agarose gel electrophoresis helps separate fragmented DNA based on size.
- Staining with ethidium bromide under UV light reveals DNA bands in orange color.
- Gel extraction involves cutting desired DNA fragments from the gel using a blade.
- Amplification of DNA fragments is done through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to replicate DNA.
- PCR involves three steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension, crucial for DNA amplification.
02:02:27
DNA Primer Application and Production Techniques
- Primer application is essential for DNA joining, with annealing at 55-65 degrees Celsius.
- Long primers are used to initiate DNA polymerase for DNA production.
- DNTPs are added after annealing, followed by DNA insertion and polymerase addition.
- DNA polymerase extension occurs at 72 degrees Celsius for 30 cycles to create multiple copies.
- Transformation of foreign DNA into a host involves ligation with a vector and calcium treatment.
- Microinjection or gene gun methods can be used for DNA insertion into animal or plant cells.
- Fermenters or bioreactors are utilized for large-scale DNA multiplication under controlled conditions.
- Downstream processing involves separation and purification of DNA products for clinical trials and market launch.
- Quality control testing is crucial before marketing DNA products.
- Molecular biology concepts are revised in NCERT notes, with a focus on biotech applications in upcoming classes.
