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Biotechnology in One Shot | Fast Track Series for NEET 2023 | Seep Pahuja

Unacademy NEET・102 minutes read

The biotechnology unit covers two chapters with a high weightage in exams, offering a crash course with live lectures and mentorship at a discounted price. The focus is on understanding genetic engineering principles, bio processing, and gene cloning in modern biotechnology practices.

Insights

  • Biotechnology unit in the academy consists of two chapters, Principles and Process Of Biotechnology, with a total of around 11 exam questions carrying a high weightage of 44 marks.
  • Techniques in biotechnology, such as genetic engineering and gene cloning, allow for the manipulation of living cells at a molecular level to alter DNA and create desired products and services.
  • The crash course starting on 20th January offers 286 live lectures over 90 days, focusing on completing the syllabus for all three subjects with mentorship, counseling, and test series at a discounted price of $499.

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Recent questions

  • What is biotechnology?

    Biotechnology involves genetic engineering and bio processing.

  • How is gene cloning performed?

    Gene cloning involves isolating, replicating, and multiplying desired genes.

  • What are vectors in genetic engineering?

    Vectors are used for cloning and transformation in genetic engineering.

  • How is DNA amplified in genetic experiments?

    DNA is replicated through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplification.

  • What is the significance of downstream processing in biotechnology?

    Downstream processing involves separating and purifying DNA products for market launch.

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Summary

00:00

Biotechnology Crash Course: Fast Track Revision Strategy

  • The next unit in the academy will focus on biotechnology after covering genetics.
  • The biotechnology unit consists of two chapters: Principles and Process Of Biotechnology.
  • These chapters have around 11 questions in exams, with a high weightage of 44 marks.
  • The topics in biotechnology are directly from NCERT, making it easy to understand and score well.
  • The unit will be covered chapter by chapter, with a focus on understanding and revision.
  • The fast track revision strategy involves covering one chapter per day.
  • The crash course starting on 20th January includes 286 live lectures over 90 days.
  • The crash course offers mentorship, counseling, and test series at a discounted price of $499.
  • The crash course aims to complete the syllabus in 90 days with daily classes for all three subjects.
  • The focus is on pen, paper, and focus during classes to ensure effective learning and revision.

15:18

"Modern Biotechnology: Genetic Engineering and Cloning"

  • Biotechnology has been practiced for years, even before it was named, with examples like curd making and dosa preparation.
  • Techniques like IVF have advanced, involving the extraction of sperm for fertilization and creating zygotes and embryos in labs.
  • Living cells are manipulated through biotechnology, allowing for genetic engineering to alter DNA at a molecular level.
  • The European Federation of Biotechnology defines biotechnology as integrating natural science with molecular analogs to create products and services.
  • Genetic engineering involves altering DNA or RNA to introduce desired genes into a host, changing its phenotype.
  • The process of genetic engineering is followed by bio process engineering, ensuring sterile conditions for cell multiplication in labs.
  • Modern biotechnology principles include genetic engineering and bio processing, with gene cloning to multiply desired genes in hosts.
  • Gene cloning involves identifying desired genes, replicating them in hosts like Pushkar and Subhashree, and multiplying them for desired outcomes.
  • The steps in gene cloning include identifying desired genes, isolating them, and replicating them in hosts for further applications.
  • Understanding and applying the principles of genetic engineering, bio processing, and gene cloning are essential in modern biotechnology practices.

32:43

Gene Cloning: Creating Recombinant DNA in E. coli

  • Identification of Dheere Jin Kiya Son is completed in this case.
  • The host in question is Pushkar's cell, which is second.
  • The initial step involves the introduction to the gene of interest.
  • The process in genetic engineering includes isolating and introducing the gene into the host to reduce the host cells' ability to multiply.
  • The first experiment involved creating recombinant DNA by inserting Subhashree's DNA into Pushkar's cell.
  • The experiment was conducted by scientists Tanya and Herbert Boyer, with Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer being remembered for their work.
  • Antibiotic-resistant genes were transferred to E. coli to make it resistant to antibiotics.
  • The process involved cutting the gene of interest with a restriction endonuclease and inserting it into a vector.
  • The recombinant vector was then inserted into the host, E. coli, to transform it.
  • The host multiplied, resulting in the creation of multiple copies of the gene of interest through gene cloning.

51:54

"Restriction Enzymes: Cutting and Cloning DNA"

  • Sticky belongs to someone, forms hydrogen bonds
  • Different types of restriction enzymes
  • Endonucleus cuts at the center
  • Relationship not broken by cut, hydrogen bonds remain
  • Blunt ends created by cutting away from the center
  • Sticky ends created by cutting at the center
  • Naming of restriction enzymes based on genus and order of isolation
  • 900 restriction enzymes isolated from bacteria
  • Prokaryotes use restriction enzymes as natural defense
  • Vector used in genetic engineering for cloning and transformation

01:10:10

"NCERT Vectors: High Copy Numbers and Cloning"

  • NCERT is essential for studying vectors, particularly for understanding two types of vector sons.
  • Bacteriophage is a vector used due to its high copy number, ranging from 15 to 100.
  • The high copy number allows for the multiplication of copies of the vector, aiding in engineering and selection of recombinant.
  • The story emphasizes the importance of high copy numbers in vectors like Plasmid br322.
  • Cloning vectors like Plasmid br322 have antibiotic resistance genes like tetra bomb h1 and soul van.
  • Cloning sites should have specific requirements like PST van and bomb h1, with only one enzyme per site to avoid complexity.
  • Inserting foreign DNA into vectors like Plasmid br322 can inactivate genes like tetracycline resistance.
  • The process of transformation in experiments may not always result in success, leading to non-transformants.
  • The importance of direct interaction with teachers for guidance and support in studies is highlighted.
  • The significance of hard work, dedication, and the right direction in studying to achieve success is emphasized over mere mental satisfaction or showing off.

01:28:36

"Crucial Focus: Achieving Success Through Diligence"

  • Focus on the last over in cricket, particularly on the bowlers' performance and attitude.
  • Emphasize the importance of maintaining focus and avoiding distractions during crucial moments.
  • Stress the significance of hard work and dedication in achieving success, rather than relying on luck.
  • Highlight the necessity of consistent practice and timely completion of tasks for success.
  • Encourage students to focus on their studies and practice diligently to achieve their goals.
  • Provide guidance on effective study habits, including using handwritten notes and practicing regularly.
  • Explain the process of selecting students based on hard work rather than luck.
  • Detail the steps involved in a scientific experiment involving plasmids and DNA transformation.
  • Describe the significance of specific enzymes and genes in genetic experiments.
  • Discuss the role of vectors in genetic engineering and the importance of replacing harmful DNA with beneficial genes.

01:45:21

"Gene Expression and DNA Amplification Techniques"

  • The desire gene is to be expressed, starting with the vector for animals, particularly retroviruses in animals.
  • Retroviruses are crucial in gene expression in animals, especially in lymphocytes.
  • Shuttle vectors are essential for gene transfer in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  • Isolation of DNA involves breaking down the cell wall, membrane, and proteins to extract DNA.
  • DNA isolation is followed by precipitation using ethanol to collect DNA threads.
  • Agarose gel electrophoresis helps separate fragmented DNA based on size.
  • Staining with ethidium bromide under UV light reveals DNA bands in orange color.
  • Gel extraction involves cutting desired DNA fragments from the gel using a blade.
  • Amplification of DNA fragments is done through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to replicate DNA.
  • PCR involves three steps: denaturation, annealing, and extension, crucial for DNA amplification.

02:02:27

DNA Primer Application and Production Techniques

  • Primer application is essential for DNA joining, with annealing at 55-65 degrees Celsius.
  • Long primers are used to initiate DNA polymerase for DNA production.
  • DNTPs are added after annealing, followed by DNA insertion and polymerase addition.
  • DNA polymerase extension occurs at 72 degrees Celsius for 30 cycles to create multiple copies.
  • Transformation of foreign DNA into a host involves ligation with a vector and calcium treatment.
  • Microinjection or gene gun methods can be used for DNA insertion into animal or plant cells.
  • Fermenters or bioreactors are utilized for large-scale DNA multiplication under controlled conditions.
  • Downstream processing involves separation and purification of DNA products for clinical trials and market launch.
  • Quality control testing is crucial before marketing DNA products.
  • Molecular biology concepts are revised in NCERT notes, with a focus on biotech applications in upcoming classes.
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