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Animal Kingdom Class 11 Biology |Non-Chordates (Pt 1) | Concept Explained | Dr Sachin Kapur

Aakash NEET・41 minutes read

Animals in the Kingdom Animalia are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic organisms with various levels of organization, symmetry, and germ layers. Mnemonics can assist in recalling the phyla within the Animal Kingdom, with animals like sponges, roundworms, and arthropods exhibiting unique characteristics, reproductive methods, and economic significance.

Insights

  • The Animal Kingdom is classified based on the presence of a notochord, dividing animals into chordates and non-chordates, with mnemonics aiding in remembering phyla.
  • Platyhelminthes, or flatworms, exhibit triploblastic features, reproduce asexually and sexually, and have excretory flame cells, while roundworms like Ascaris have distinctive circular cross-sections and various parasitic relationships.

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Recent questions

  • What distinguishes animals in the Kingdom Animalia?

    Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, no cell walls.

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Summary

00:00

Animal Kingdom Revision: Phylum Porifera to Chordates

  • The session is a bonus one-hour revision of NCRT at your Fingertips Animal Kingdom, starting from Phylum Porifera.
  • Animals in the Kingdom Animalia have eukaryotic, multicellular cells without cell walls, and are heterotrophic.
  • Classification criteria for Animal Kingdom include the level of organization: cellular, tissue, organ, or organ system.
  • Animals can be aymmetrical, radially symmetrical, or bilaterally symmetrical based on body structure.
  • Triploblastic animals have three germ layers, seen in Platyhelminthes, while diploblastic animals have two layers.
  • The presence of a notochord distinguishes chordates from non-chordates in the Animal Kingdom.
  • Animals are divided into two broad groups based on the presence or absence of a notochord.
  • Mnemonics can aid in remembering the phyla in the Animal Kingdom, such as "Prince Charles Children playing on American and Australian music eating hot cake."
  • Phylum Porifera, or sponges, are aquatic, sessile animals with a cellular level of organization and a water canal system for metabolic functions.
  • Sponge reproduction involves both asexual and sexual methods, with internal fertilization and indirect development through larval stages.

17:49

Freshwater Sponges: Crown Sponges and More

  • Spongilla is a freshwater sponge found in freshwater, while most sponges are marine, also known as crown sponges.
  • New kosollini is another name for Spongilla, used as a cold bath sponge for body scrubbing during bathing.
  • Phylum Silent is also known as Phylum Need Area, Cycentrata, with a body cavity called selentron or gastrovascular cavity aiding in digestion.
  • Silent traits have special stinging cells called Animator Blast, less effective in offense and defense but crucial for food capture and locomotion.
  • Koyaano sites are specialized cells in sponges, while sealing traits are found in aquatic environments, mainly marine.
  • Polyp and Medusa are alternate forms in the life cycle of needlerian, with Medusa resembling an umbrella shape like a jellyfish.
  • Platyhelminthes is the first triploblastic phylum, flat-bodied animals with hooks and suckers for attachment and nutrition absorption.
  • Flame cells in Platyhelminthes are excretory, responsible for osmoregulation and waste removal, akin to kidneys in humans.
  • Platyhelminthes reproduce asexually through planaria fragmentation and sexually with internal fertilization, showing indirect development with larval stages.
  • Phylum S. Helminthes, also known as Nematoda, consists of roundworms, with classes like turbellaria, trematoda, and cestoda, exhibiting various parasitic relationships and life cycles.

34:09

Worms and Arthropods: Anatomy and Adaptations

  • Platyhelminthes are called flats, while roundworms are known as round vanes.
  • The cross-section of roundworms reveals a circular structure, like in the example of Ascaris lombrics.
  • Round vanes can be found in various habitats, including terrestrial and aquatic environments, with some being free-living and others parasitic.
  • Platyhelminthes exhibit bilateral symmetry and triploblastic features.
  • Pseudo silomatic development is a distinctive trait in Platyhelminthes.
  • Parasitic worms like Ascaris and hookworms can cause diseases like Ascariasis and elephantiasis.
  • Reproduction in these worms involves distinct male and female characteristics, with internal fertilization and various larval forms.
  • The presence of muscular firing and a complete elementary canal is a notable feature in these organisms.
  • Excretory structures like nephridia are essential in these phyla, aiding in waste removal.
  • Arthropods, like insects and crustaceans, have jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, and various structures for gas exchange, such as tracheal tubes and gills.

49:43

Arthropods and Mollusks: Diversity and Importance

  • Equilibrium organs are crucial for excretion, with insects having feces and arthropods like Jim Coxl gland and Jim's green gland.
  • Arthropods are diverse, with most being dioecious and laying eggs, although oviparous scorpions give birth to live young.
  • Economically important arthropods include the honey bee, providing honey, propolis, wax, and silk.
  • Arthropods like scorpions and mosquitoes can spread diseases like malaria and dengue fever.
  • Soft-bodied animals in the Phylum Mollusca have bilateral symmetry, with exceptions like octopuses being asymmetric.
  • Mollusks have segmented bodies, with exceptions like octopuses lacking cells and having unique features like the radula for feeding.
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