American Pageant Chapter 27 APUSH Review (APUSH Period 7 American Expansion)
Jocz Productions・15 minutes read
US territorial expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast since the 1790s involved interactions with various countries and Native American groups, leading to the US becoming a global power in the 1890s driven by economic, political, and strategic motives. Subsequent events like the Spanish-American War, the Treaty of Paris, implementation of policies in acquired territories, and actions in Latin America under President Roosevelt demonstrate the US's emerging role in global affairs and the impact of imperialism on American history.
Insights
- The US transitioned into a global power in the 1890s due to economic, political, and military motives, driving imperialism and colonization efforts justified by ideological beliefs like social Darwinism and the white man's burden.
- The acquisition of new territories post-Spanish-American War, including Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, sparked debates in the US over the impact of imperialism, leading to varied approaches in granting limited freedom or control to these territories, while also expanding US intervention in Latin America under President Roosevelt's administration.
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Recent questions
What drove US territorial expansion in the 1890s?
Economic interests, political desires, and military goals.
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Summary
00:00
US Expansion: From Atlantic to Pacific Coast
- US territorial expansion since the 1790s has focused on moving from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast, involving interactions with Mexico, Spain, England, and Native American groups.
- In the 1890s, the US transitions into a global power, driven by motives like economic interests in opening new markets, political desires to compete with other nations, and strategic military goals.
- Ideological motives, including ideas like social Darwinism and the white man's burden, justify US imperialism and colonization efforts.
- The case study of Hawaii showcases American missionary activities, economic interests in sugar and pineapple plantations, and the eventual annexation of Hawaii despite resistance from Queen Liliuokalani.
- The Spanish-American War is sparked by US interests in Cuba due to investments, sympathy for Cuban independence, and sensationalized reporting by yellow journalism.
- The USS Maine explosion leads to the US declaring war against Spain in 1898, resulting in a quick victory for the US, leading to the Treaty of Paris.
- The Treaty of Paris grants the US Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, sparking a debate in the US over the impact of acquiring new territories.
- Post-war, the US implements the Platt Amendment in Cuba, granting limited freedom but maintaining control, while Puerto Rico is granted limited self-rule and US citizenship in 1917.
- The Philippines faces a brutal guerrilla war against US control, delaying formal independence until 1946, with the US also implementing the Open Door Policy in China.
- Under President Roosevelt, the US constructs the Panama Canal after supporting Panamanian independence from Colombia, and issues the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, expanding US intervention in Latin America.
16:20
Roosevelt's Nobel Prize and Global Power Shift
- Roosevelt wins the Nobel Prize for negotiating a peace agreement ending the Russian-Japanese war, with the US concerned about Japan's growing strength in Asia; a gentlemen's agreement in 1908 between the two countries addresses discriminatory laws in California, with Japan agreeing to restrict Japanese worker immigration to the US and TR pressuring California to repeal discriminatory laws; Roosevelt sends the Great White Fleet around the world to showcase US power, highlighting a shift towards a more active role in world affairs by American leaders.
