American Pageant Chapter 2 APUSH Review (Period 2)
Jocz Productions・12 minutes read
English colonization efforts in the Southern Colonies varied in type, such as joint stock companies, proprietorships, and royal colonies, with Jamestown's success in 1607 under the Virginia Company of London. Tobacco cultivation in Virginia led to economic stability and the rise of large plantations, alongside tensions with Native Americans and the shift from indentured servitude to African chattel slavery after Bacon's Rebellion.
Insights
- England's victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 paved the way for colonization efforts in the Southern Colonies, allowing for the establishment of various colony types such as joint stock companies, proprietorships, and royal colonies due to England's Protestant identity contrasting with Spain's Catholic influence.
- The emergence of tobacco as a cash crop in colonial Virginia not only led to economic stability through large plantations and the use of indentured servants but also sparked significant historical events like the establishment of the House of Burgesses in 1619 and the transition from indentured servitude to African chattel slavery after Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.
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Recent questions
What was the first successful English colony in the Southern Colonies?
Jamestown
What marked the first representative government in the future United States?
House of Burgesses
What event led to the shift from indentured servitude to African chattel slavery in Virginia?
Bacon's Rebellion
What colony guaranteed religious freedom for Christians, including Catholics?
Maryland
What crop became a cash crop in colonial Virginia, leading to economic stability?
Tobacco
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Summary
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English Colonization in Southern Colonies: 1588-1733
- England's colonization efforts in the Southern Colonies span from 1588 to 1733, following the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, enabling England to challenge Spain and other countries.
- English colonization varied due to England being Protestant, unlike largely Catholic Spain, leading to different colony types: joint stock companies, proprietorships, and royal colonies.
- The first English colony attempt, Roanoke, failed in 1587, but Jamestown in the Chesapeake region (Virginia and Maryland) succeeded in 1607, established under the Virginia Company of London.
- Jamestown initially struggled with disease and starvation until John Smith implemented military discipline and John Rolfe introduced tobacco cultivation, leading to economic stability.
- Tobacco became a cash crop in colonial Virginia, fostering the rise of large plantations and the use of indentured servants as laborers.
- The House of Burgesses, established in 1619, marked the first representative government in the future United States, though dominated by wealthy planters.
- Tensions with Native Americans, particularly the Powhatan tribe, led to the Anglo-Powhatan Wars, culminating in the 1622 massacre and eventual defeat of the Powhatan Confederacy.
- Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, driven by land scarcity and political disenfranchisement, resulted in a shift from indentured servitude to African chattel slavery in Virginia.
- Maryland, a proprietorship north of Virginia, focused on tobacco plantations but also guaranteed religious freedom for Christians, particularly Catholics, under the Act of Toleration in 1649.
