AIDS 101 | National Geographic

Recent questions

• What is AIDS and how is it caused?

  AIDS, or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is a severe condition that results from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infecting the immune system, specifically targeting Helper T or CD4 cells. When HIV is left untreated, it can progress to AIDS within a span of 10 to 12 years, significantly weakening the immune system and making the individual more susceptible to various infections, certain cancers, and even neurological issues like dementia. Understanding the nature of AIDS is crucial for awareness and prevention, as it highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment to manage the virus effectively.

• How does HIV affect the immune system?

  HIV primarily affects the immune system by targeting and infecting Helper T or CD4 cells, which play a vital role in coordinating the immune response. As the virus replicates and destroys these cells, the body becomes increasingly unable to fight off infections and diseases. This depletion of CD4 cells leads to a weakened immune system, making individuals more vulnerable to opportunistic infections and other health complications. Without proper treatment, the progression of HIV to AIDS can occur, further compromising the immune system and resulting in severe health consequences.

• Where did HIV originate from?

  The origins of HIV are believed to trace back to West Central Africa, where the virus is thought to have been transmitted to humans from chimpanzees and gorillas. This transmission likely occurred in the early 20th century, possibly through the handling and consumption of chimpanzee meat. The virus then spread among human populations, leading to the global epidemic we see today. Understanding the origins of HIV is essential for grasping its transmission dynamics and the historical context of the disease's emergence.

• How many people are living with HIV today?

  Currently, approximately 37 million people worldwide are living with AIDS, a condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since the identification of HIV in the early 1980s, about 77.3 million people have contracted the virus, with a significant number residing in resource-limited countries. This statistic underscores the ongoing global health challenge posed by HIV/AIDS and highlights the need for continued efforts in prevention, treatment, and education to combat the disease effectively.

• What advancements are being made in HIV research?

  Ongoing research in HIV is focused on several key areas, including biotechnology, prevention strategies, and improving healthcare access. Advancements in treatment options, such as antiretroviral therapy, have significantly improved the quality of life for those living with HIV and have reduced the transmission rates. Additionally, increased awareness and education about the virus are crucial for prevention efforts. Researchers are also exploring potential vaccines and cures, aiming to eradicate the disease entirely. These advancements are vital for saving lives and addressing the global impact of HIV/AIDS.