8th Science | Chapter 9 Disaster Management | Maharashtra State Board | Shubham Jha

Recent questions

• What causes an earthquake?

  Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, primarily due to tectonic movements. These movements occur when the Earth's plates shift, collide, or slide past one another, leading to stress accumulation along faults. When the stress exceeds the strength of the rocks, it results in a rapid release of energy, producing seismic waves that cause the ground to shake. This process can happen at various depths and locations, contributing to the frequency of earthquakes experienced globally, which ranges from approximately 12,400 to 14,000 each year.

• How can I stay safe during an earthquake?

  To stay safe during an earthquake, it is essential to follow specific safety protocols. Individuals should immediately drop to the ground and take cover under sturdy furniture, such as a table or desk, to protect themselves from falling debris. If no shelter is available, finding a corner of the room and covering the head with hands is advisable. It is crucial to avoid using elevators, as they can become inoperable during seismic events. Additionally, turning off the main electric supply can prevent electrical fires, and using a flashlight instead of candles or matches is recommended to avoid igniting flammable materials.

• What is earthquake-resistant construction?

  Earthquake-resistant construction refers to building practices designed to minimize damage during seismic events. These practices are guided by specific standards, such as IS 456 for general construction and IS 1893 for earthquake resistance, established by the Indian Standard Institute. The goal is to create structures that can withstand the forces generated by earthquakes, thereby protecting occupants and reducing the risk of collapse. Techniques may include using flexible materials, reinforcing walls, and ensuring proper foundation design. By adhering to these standards, builders can enhance the safety and resilience of buildings in earthquake-prone areas.

• How are earthquakes monitored?

  Earthquakes are monitored using advanced technologies that track seismic activity and provide data on ground movements. Instruments such as laser ranging, creep meters, and tilt meters are employed to detect changes in the Earth's surface and measure the intensity of seismic waves. This monitoring is crucial for understanding earthquake patterns and predicting potential seismic events. Organizations, including government agencies and research institutions, analyze this data to improve disaster preparedness and response strategies, ultimately aiming to mitigate the impact of earthquakes on communities.

• What should be included in a disaster preparedness plan?

  A disaster preparedness plan should encompass several key elements to ensure effective communication and response during emergencies, such as earthquakes. It is vital to include contact information for the headmaster or designated leader, as they play a crucial role in coordinating safety measures and communication with authorities. The plan should outline evacuation routes, emergency contacts, and procedures for securing the premises. Additionally, it should provide guidance on how to respond during an earthquake, including safety protocols and resources available for support. Regular drills and updates to the plan are also essential to ensure that everyone is familiar with the procedures.