Psychological Disorders Class 12 Psychology NCERT Explanation in Hindi and Important Questions
The Twin Bros - Humanities・2 minutes read
The text discusses class 12th psychology Chapter number four on Psychological disorders and emphasizes the importance of exam preparation through PDF portions. It covers key features of psychological disorders, the significance of adaptive behavior, societal influences, historical perspectives, different models, anxiety disorders, mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addictive disorders.
Insights
- Psychological disorders are defined by four key features: Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger, highlighting the criteria used to identify and classify these conditions.
- The evolution of beliefs about psychological disorders, from supernatural causes to modern biological and psychological approaches, emphasizes the historical context that shapes our understanding and treatment of mental health issues.
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Recent questions
What are the key features of psychological disorders?
Psychological disorders are defined by four key features: Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger. Deviance refers to behavior that deviates from societal norms, while distress involves emotional suffering. Dysfunction relates to impaired daily functioning, and danger signifies potential harm to oneself or others.
How does societal norms influence normal behavior?
Normal behavior is explained in relation to societal norms and cultural influences. Societal norms dictate acceptable behaviors, shaping individuals' perceptions of what is considered normal. Cultural influences further impact behavior, emphasizing the importance of adaptive behavior for personal growth and well-being.
What historical beliefs influenced perceptions of psychological disorders?
Historical beliefs about psychological disorders have evolved over time. From supernatural causes in ancient times to biological and psychological approaches in modern times, the understanding of mental health has transformed. The Renaissance period marked a shift towards psychodynamic theories, emphasizing the importance of scientific evidence and humanistic approaches.
How do biological factors contribute to psychological disorders?
Biological factors, such as hormonal imbalances and genetic predispositions, play a significant role in the development of psychological disorders. These factors can influence brain chemistry, neurotransmitter levels, and genetic vulnerabilities, contributing to the manifestation of various mental health conditions.
What are some common types of anxiety disorders?
Anxiety disorders encompass a range of conditions characterized by feelings of unease, apprehension, and worry. Generalized Anxiety Disorder involves prolonged anxiety without a specific trigger, while Panic Disorder entails sudden and intense panic attacks. Phobias, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder are also prevalent anxiety-related conditions with distinct symptoms and triggers.
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Summary
00:00
Understanding Psychological Disorders for Exam Success
- The text discusses class 12th psychology Chapter number four on Psychological disorders.
- It highlights the importance of certain portions in the PDF for exam preparation.
- Questions provided in the PDF are recommended for thorough revision.
- Psychological disorders are defined by four key features: Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger.
- The concept of normal behavior is explained in relation to societal norms and cultural influences.
- Adaptive behavior is crucial for well-being and personal growth.
- Stigma surrounding psychological disorders can hinder seeking help and treatment.
- Historical background reveals the evolution of beliefs about psychological disorders, from supernatural causes to biological and psychological approaches.
- The text delves into ancient theories like the four humors and Ayurvedic Tridosha, as well as the influence of demonology and superstitions in the middle ages.
- The Renaissance period marked a shift in cultural perceptions and the development of psychodynamic theories.
14:18
Evolution of Mental Health Care Approaches
- Increase in humanism leads to a greater awakening of humanity, sparking curiosity in others' behaviors and the exploration of new scientific evidence.
- Psychological conflicts and disturbed interpersonal relationships are identified as causes of psychological disorders, leading to the stigmatization of individuals seeking medical help.
- The 17th and 18th centuries are referred to as the age of reason and enlightenment, emphasizing the shift towards scientific knowledge over theological treatments.
- Deinstitutionalization is highlighted as a crucial aspect of mental health care, aiming to provide better care and understanding of psychological disorders.
- The interactional approach, known as the Bio-Psycho-Social Approach, integrates biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding and treating psychological disorders.
- Classification of psychological disorders is essential for effective communication and treatment, with the DSM-5 from the American Psychiatric Association and the ICD-10 from the World Health Organization being key resources.
- Biological factors, such as hormonal imbalances and genetic predispositions, play a significant role in the development of psychological disorders.
- The psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and humanistic assistance models are discussed as different approaches to understanding and treating psychological disorders.
- The socio-cultural model emphasizes societal influences, such as war, violence, prejudice, and discrimination, on mental health and the manifestation of psychological disorders.
- The diathesis-stress model, focusing on biological predispositions and environmental triggers, is recognized as a prevalent model for understanding and managing psychological disorders.
29:34
Understanding Anxiety Disorders and Related Conditions
- Anxiety can lead to problems when it reaches a higher level, causing people to freeze on stage or forget everything in exams.
- Anxiety is characterized by feelings of unease, apprehension, and worry, which can be directed or general.
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder involves prolonged feelings of anxiety without a specific cause or trigger.
- Panic Disorder entails sudden and intense panic attacks that can occur in any situation, leading to physical symptoms like shortness of breath and chest pain.
- Phobias are irrational fears of specific objects, situations, or people, such as social anxiety disorder or agoraphobia.
- Separation Anxiety Disorder causes extreme anxiety when separated from an attachment figure, often seen in children.
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) involves uncontrollable thoughts and repetitive behaviors that interfere with daily life.
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) results from experiencing traumatic events, leading to symptoms like flashbacks and emotional numbness.
- Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders manifest as physical symptoms without a clear medical cause, affecting daily functioning.
- Illness Anxiety Disorder involves excessive worry about having a serious illness, leading to frequent doctor visits and preoccupation with health.
43:28
Understanding Mental Health Disorders and Suicide Risk
- Major Depressive Disorder symptoms include lack of pleasure in activities, sudden body weight changes, sleep issues, fatigue, irritability, thoughts of death or suicide.
- Genetic predisposition and age are risk factors for depression, with young adults being more susceptible.
- Gender plays a role, with women reporting depression more than men.
- Bipolar Disorder involves extreme mood swings between depression and mania, with examples of Bipolar I and Bipolar II.
- Suicide risk factors include age, mental disorders, experiences of violence or isolation, and difficulty seeking help.
- Stigma around suicide hinders seeking help, emphasizing the importance of removing stigma.
- Ways to reduce suicide risk include limiting access to means, responsible alcohol portrayal, and early identification of distress in students.
- Strengthening student self-esteem involves positive experiences, reinforcement, social support, and setting achievable goals.
- Schizophrenia symptoms include positive (delusions, hallucinations), negative (blunted emotions, lack of speech), and psychomotor (odd movements) categories.
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders like ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder affect social interaction, communication, and behavior patterns, with intellectual disabilities often present.
58:04
Challenges in Learning and Behavioral Disorders
- Specific Learning Disorder may lead to difficulties in mathematics performance at the end of one's age level.
- Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder are often associated with children who exhibit disruptive behavior against social norms.
- Eating Disorders, such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating, are prevalent, especially among women, with distinct patterns of behavior and consequences.
- Substance-Related Addictive Disorders, including alcohol and cocaine abuse, can lead to tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and severe impacts on individuals and their families, potentially causing psychological issues and dependency.
