DSM-5 Overview

Karen Magruder, LCSW-S・2 minutes read

The DSM-5, detailed by Professor Karen McGruder, is essential for mental health careers, licensing exams, and social work practice, reflecting societal attitudes with key changes like removing homosexuality as a mental disorder. The manual organizes disorders into categories like neurodevelopmental, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders, detailing specific diagnostic criteria and characteristics for each condition.

Insights

  • Understanding the DSM-5 is crucial for mental health professionals in the US, as it serves as a guide for diagnosis, treatment, and insurance reimbursement, reflecting changing societal attitudes and controversies over time.
  • The DSM-5 categorizes various mental disorders, including neurodevelopmental disorders like autism and ADHD, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders, each with specific diagnostic criteria and characteristics, providing a comprehensive framework for mental health assessment and treatment.

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Recent questions

  • What is the DSM-5?

    A manual for mental disorders diagnosis.

  • What are the major differences between DSM-4 and DSM-5?

    Roman numerals, organization, and neuroscience focus.

  • What are some examples of neurodevelopmental disorders?

    Autism, ADHD, learning disorders, motor issues.

  • What is Major Depressive Disorder?

    Depressed mood with additional symptoms for diagnosis.

  • What are some examples of anxiety disorders?

    Panic disorder, phobias, generalized anxiety.

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Summary

00:00

Overview of DSM-5 for Mental Health Careers

  • Professor Karen McGruder provides an overview of the DSM-5 for students interested in mental health careers, licensing exams, and social work practice.
  • The DSM-5 is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association, primarily used in the US for medical insurance reimbursement and treatment guidance.
  • The DSM-5 was published in 2013, reflecting changing societal attitudes and controversies, such as the removal of homosexuality as a mental disorder in previous versions.
  • Understanding previous editions like DSM-4 is crucial for recognizing trends, controversies, and old terminology, like Asperger's, which is now part of the autism spectrum.
  • Major differences between DSM-4 and DSM-5 include the use of Roman numerals versus numbers, organization by age versus symptom similarity, and a shift towards neuroscience in DSM-5.
  • DSM-5 does not use axes for diagnostic labels like DSM-4 did, leading to controversies regarding control, diagnostic criteria, and potential stigma for individuals.
  • The DSM is organized into categories like neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders, each with specific disorders, substance-induced issues, and other specified or unspecified conditions.
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders encompass intellectual disability, communication disorders, autism spectrum, ADHD, specific learning disorders, and motor disorders, each with distinct diagnostic criteria and characteristics.
  • Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders include conditions like delusional disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and brief psychotic disorder, each with unique symptoms and diagnostic criteria.
  • Bipolar and related disorders involve bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymia, characterized by episodes of mania, depression, and cycling patterns, with specific criteria for diagnosis and differentiation.

16:33

Overview of Mood and Anxiety Disorders in DSM-5

  • Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder is characterized by temper outbursts in children, with onset required at age 10 and diagnosis only possible after 18.
  • Major Depressive Disorder necessitates a depressed mood or loss of interest, along with at least 5 other symptoms, lasting for a minimum of two weeks.
  • Persistent Depressive Disorder involves long-lasting depression lasting at least two years, with less than two months between episodes.
  • Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) requires meeting specific criteria from two lists, including emotional lability and other symptoms like appetite changes or insomnia.
  • Separation Anxiety Disorder is diagnosed in children after at least four weeks of symptoms, while adults require symptoms to persist for six months.
  • Specific Phobia includes four main types: animal, natural environment, blood/injection/injury, and situational fears like planes or elevators.
  • Panic Disorder involves panic attacks with specific symptoms like chest pain or dizziness, potentially leading to avoidance behaviors.
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) lasts at least six months and requires experiencing at least three symptoms like restlessness or sleep disturbances.
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) features obsessions and compulsions, while Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) involves perfectionism and rigidity.
  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder entails preoccupation with minor appearance flaws, along with repetitive behaviors like comparing oneself to others.

34:06

Types of Disorders: Substance, Delirium, Personality, Paraphilic

  • Substance use disorders include inhalants, opioids, sedatives, stimulants, and tobacco, with alcohol use disorder, intoxication, and withdrawal, except for caffeine which only has intoxication and withdrawal.
  • Delirium is temporary and reversible, caused by factors like medication changes or dehydration, unlike progressive neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal impacts, Lewy body dementia, vascular dementia, mixed dementia, and others.
  • Personality disorders are categorized into Cluster A (odd or eccentric behavior), Cluster B (dramatic or erratic behavior), and Cluster C (anxious personality disorders).
  • Paraphilic disorders involve sexual conduct disorders like voyeurism, exhibitionism, frotteurism, sexual masochism, sadism, pedophilia, fetishism, and transvestic fetishism, distinct from gender identity issues.
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