POLYMERS in One Shot - All Concepts, Tricks & PYQs | Class 12 | NEET
Competition Wallah・2 minutes read
Polymers are large molecules formed from monomers, classified based on source and structure, undergo various polymerization modes, including condensation. The text details the process and classification of different polymers like polypropene, polyethylene, nylon, and Bakelite, highlighting their formation, structure, and uses.
Insights
- Polymers are classified into natural, semi-synthetic, and synthetic categories based on their source, with variations like biodegradable and non-biodegradable types, showcasing the diverse origins and environmental impacts of these materials.
- Polymerization processes, such as chain growth and condensation, lead to the formation of distinct polymer structures like elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosetting polymers, each characterized by unique intermolecular forces and bonding mechanisms, influencing their physical properties and applications.
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Recent questions
What are the different classifications of polymers?
Polymers are classified based on their source, including natural polymers found in plants and animals, semi-synthetic polymers which are modifications of natural polymers, and synthetic polymers like polythene and PVC.
How is polymerization achieved in propene?
Polymerization of propene is achieved by creating radicals through breaking the double bond C2, known as Stein, and carefully joining these radicals to form molecules like polypropene used in tires, footwear, and cable insulation.
What is the process of condensation polymerization?
Condensation polymerization involves the removal of small molecules like water to form amide or ester linkages, creating polymers like Nylon 66 from amine and acid, and Polystyrene from acid and alcohol.
How are thermosetting polymers formed?
Thermosetting polymers like Bakelite are formed through linear polymerization in acidic or basic mediums, followed by cross-linking to create a network structure, enhancing their properties.
What are some examples of biodegradable polymers?
Biodegradable polymers involve specific structures like Poly Beta Hydroxy Butylish formed through ester linkage, Nalon 26 from Glyson and amino caproic acid through amide linkage, and three hydroxy butane acid and three hydroxy pentaneic acid.
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Summary
00:00
Understanding Polymers: Formation, Classification, and Mechanism
- Polymer chapter starting with understanding polymers and their formation from monomers through condensation.
- Polymers are also known as macro molecules due to their higher molecular mass, around 10^3 to 10^7.
- Classification of polymers based on source, including natural polymers found in plants and animals, and their subcategories like biodegradable and non-biodegradable.
- Semi-synthetic polymers are modifications of natural polymers, like cellulose derivatives.
- Vulcanization of rubber is a process to improve its properties, classified under semi-synthetic polymers.
- Synthetic polymers like polythene and PVC are examples of membrane polymers, classified based on their structure as linear, branch, or network polymers.
- Polymerization modes include chain growth, leading to homo polymers with the same monomer molecules.
- Condensation polymerization involves the removal of small molecules like water, forming polymers like Nylon 6 from caprolactam.
- Classification based on intermolecular forces distinguishes elastomers, thermoplastics, and thermosetting polymers, with the strongest forces in the latter due to hydrogen bonding.
- Mechanism of polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps, leading to the formation of repeat units in polymers like polyethylene.
17:15
Propene Polymerization: Radical Mechanism and Polypropene
- Propene is explained as CH3 single bond C double bond C2.
- The process of propene polymerization is detailed.
- Instructions on radical mechanism and Pi Bond manipulation are provided.
- The joining of radicals to form molecules is emphasized.
- The structure of propene after radical joining is described.
- The polymerization of propene is illustrated.
- The process of propene polymerization leading to polypropene is outlined.
- The significance of radical joining in propene polymerization is highlighted.
- The structure and uses of polypropene are explained.
- The text transitions to discussing Stine, vinyl cyanide, and vinyl chloride in a similar polymerization process.
35:11
Polymerization: Creating Radicals for Various Products
- The process involves creating radicals by breaking the double bond C2, known as Stein.
- To form radicals, carefully break the pie bundle radical and join two radicals to create a double bond.
- Polymerization is achieved by joining radicals, forming tires, footwear, floor tiles, and cable insulation.
- The process involves creating radicals similar to Ain and Stein, with careful observation and execution.
- Condensation polymerization is done by removing small molecules to form amide linkages.
- Nylon 66 is formed by removing H from amine and acid, creating amide linkages.
- Polystyrene is formed by removing water from acid and alcohol, creating ester linkages.
- Bakelite is created through linear polymerization in acidic or basic mediums, followed by cross-linking.
- Novolac is formed by adding linear units in an acidic medium, creating Nobo Lake.
- Bakelite is a thermosetting polymer formed through cross-linking of Nolak units.
53:26
Chemical Structures and Polymer Formation
- If nitrogen joins with negative c, nh2oh will form.
- Polymerization will result in a specific structure with ch2 and o.
- Melamine can be represented in a particular way.
- Urea can form from aldehyde in a similar manner to melamine.
- Biodegradable polymers involve specific structures like three hydroxy butane acid and three hydroxy pentaneic acid.
- PHV Poly Beta Hydroxy Butylish is formed through ester linkage.
- Glyson and amino caproic acid can combine to form Nalon 26 through amide linkage.
- Vulcanization of rubber involves sulfur linking to improve properties.
- Low Density Polyethylene (LDP) is formed through polymerization with sulfur and an initiator.
- High Density Polyethylene (HDP) is created using a catalyst like Jiggler Natta.
01:11:27
Polymer Chains and Their Applications
- Bakelite and Melamine are examples of linear polymer chains.
- Urea is used in the production of Bakelite and Melamine.
- Hair rejuvenation is discussed in relation to polymer chains.
- Nylon is a representative structure of a polymer.
- Caprolactam is utilized in the manufacture of Nylon.
- Chloroprene is the monomer of synthetic rubber.
- Teflon is made from the monomer CF2.
