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Muslim League | Mass Phase of the National Movement (1915-1947) | @sirtarunrupani

Sir Tarun Rupani・76 minutes read

Sir Tarun Pani's sessions aim to cover history chapters, finishing the syllabus early while focusing on Muslim League's formation due to British policies and nationalist movements fueled by leaders like Gandhiji. The movement aimed for self-government, led to protests like the Salt March, and eventually paved the way for Indian independence.

Insights

  • The formation of the Muslim League in 1906 was a response to educational, industrial, and conservative challenges faced by the Muslim community in India, with leaders like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan playing a significant role in promoting Muslim interests.
  • The Lucknow Pact of 1916 between Congress and the Muslim League marked a crucial agreement allowing for minority representation in Parliament based on religion, fostering Hindu-Muslim unity and pressuring the British government.
  • Gandhiji's Satyagraha movement, starting in Champaran in 1917 and expanding to Kheda and other regions, aimed to address various issues like indigo farming, worker wages, and drought impacts, establishing him as a prominent leader by 1919 and laying the foundation for future civil disobedience movements.

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Recent questions

  • What is the significance of the Lucknow Pact?

    The Lucknow Pact in 1916 marked the first agreement between Congress and the Muslim League.

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Summary

00:00

ICSC History Channel: Completing Syllabus Early

  • Sir Tarun Pani's Exclusive Channel for ICSC Board Students focuses on history today, aiming to complete three chapters together.
  • The goal is to finish the syllabus before September, ensuring students are prepared for their exams.
  • Daily sessions are planned to cover each subject thoroughly, with a focus on finishing the syllabus early.
  • The Muslim League, founded on December 30, 1906, was crucial in representing the Muslim community in India.
  • The British government's divide and rule policy aimed to keep Hindus and Muslims in conflict to maintain control.
  • The Muslim League was formed due to factors like educational backwardness, lack of industry involvement, and conservative beliefs.
  • Sir Syed Ahmed Khan played a significant role in founding the Muslim League and promoting Muslim interests.
  • The British instigated conflicts between Hindus and Muslims, such as the Hindi-Urdu language controversy.
  • The British's biased historical interpretations aimed to create divisions between Hindu and Muslim communities.
  • Assertive nationalist leaders like Lal Bal Pal and movements like the anti-partition movement further fueled tensions between communities.

16:49

Formation of Muslim League and Lucknow Pact

  • The British took advantage of the situation to split Dala and form the Muslim League.
  • Principal Beck of Thee Moye College was looking for a new principal after his departure.
  • Archie Blade Arch and Beld were principals who suggested keeping Muslims separate.
  • A deputation led by Voyage Roy was suggested to meet Lord Minto for forming a political party.
  • The All India Muslim League was formed under the leadership of Aga Khan in June 1906.
  • Nawab Sami Ullah Khan of Dhaka played a significant role in forming the Muslim League in December 1906.
  • The Lucknow Pact in 1916 marked the first agreement between Congress and the Muslim League.
  • The Pact allowed for minority representation in Parliament based on religion.
  • The Pact led to Hindu-Muslim unity and put pressure on the British government.
  • The Pact brought together leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Mohammad Ali Jinnah, strengthening the nationalist movement.

31:53

Gandhiji's Satyagraha Movement in India

  • Gandhiji returned to South India in 1915 after coming from Africa and began understanding the political conditions in India.
  • He traveled to different places, observing the living conditions and British actions.
  • The Satyagraha movement started with Gandhiji's involvement, beginning from Champaran in Bihar.
  • Gandhiji protested in favor of farmers in Champaran who were forced to grow indigo by the British.
  • The movement continued with Gandhiji supporting mill workers in Ahmedabad, successfully securing proper wages.
  • In 1918, Gandhiji supported farmers in Kheda whose crops were ruined due to drought, leading to the waiver of their rent.
  • Gandhiji's Satyagraha movement was successful in South India, establishing him as a major leader by 1919.
  • The Rowlatt Act of 1919, giving British special powers to arrest Indians without trial, led to the non-cooperation movement.
  • The Jallianwala Bagh incident in 1919, where General Dyer killed 1000 people, sparked outrage and further resistance.
  • The non-cooperation movement merged with the Khilafat Movement in 1920, aiming for Hindu-Muslim unity under Gandhiji's leadership.

46:35

Gandhiji's Non-Cooperation Movement Against British Oppression

  • Gandhiji initiated the non-cooperation movement against the British due to oppressive acts like the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre.
  • Participation in the movement involved students boycotting schools, lawyers avoiding courts, farmers refusing to pay taxes, and women protesting on the streets.
  • People boycotted British goods, burnt foreign products, and stopped purchasing liquor to weaken British economic power.
  • The movement aimed to achieve self-government, repeal oppressive laws, and address issues like the Khilafat Movement and untouchability.
  • Gandhiji promoted self-reliance by spinning khadi, returning titles, and encouraging Indians to make their own clothes.
  • The movement led to the establishment of educational institutions like Jamia Millia Islamia and Kashi Vidyapeeth to promote Indian culture and values.
  • The Chauri Chaura incident, where policemen were burnt alive, led to the suspension of the movement by Gandhiji, emphasizing non-violence.
  • The movement's success halted British operations in India, instilled patriotism, and paved the way for future movements like civil disobedience.
  • The Simon Commission, lacking Indian representation, faced strong opposition for its recommendations, leading to protests and demands for autonomy.
  • The declaration of Purna Swaraj marked a significant milestone, demanding complete independence from British rule and setting the stage for future movements.

01:00:25

India's Journey to Independence and Republic

  • In 1929, during a Congress session in Lahore, Jawaharlal Nehru announced the celebration of Purna Swaraj Day on 26th January.
  • Since January 1930, India has celebrated Independence Day every year on 26th January.
  • The country did not celebrate Independence Day on 26th January after gaining independence on 15th August 1947.
  • On 26th January 1950, Republic Day was declared to commemorate the implementation of the Indian Constitution.
  • The Civil Disobedience Movement began in 1930, focusing on breaking civil laws without resorting to violence.
  • Gandhiji initiated the Salt March from Sabarmati to Dandi in 1930 to protest against the salt tax.
  • The movement led to widespread civil disobedience, including boycotting foreign goods and not paying taxes.
  • Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Rani Gaidinliu supported Gandhiji's movement in their respective regions.
  • The Round Table Conferences in London aimed to address Indian political issues, leading to agreements between Gandhiji and the British.
  • The Pune Pact in 1932, signed by Gandhiji and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, resolved the issue of separate electorates for Dalits through reserved seats in provincial elections.

01:14:31

Indian Independence Movement: Key Events and Figures

  • Gandhiji withdrew the movement in 1934, staying away from political life.
  • The movement was a powerful civil disobedience movement, leading to the ban of Congress by the British.
  • Women participated in the movement alongside men, leading to the passing of the Government of India Act.
  • The Act established the Federation of Principles, focusing on provincial autonomy.
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a social reformer, was a key figure in Indian Constitution drafting.
  • Ambedkar founded the Bahishkrit Hit Karni Sabha to educate scheduled caste individuals.
  • The Quit India Movement in 1942 aimed for complete independence from British rule.
  • The movement showcased deep nationalist sentiments and the capacity for sacrifice among Indians.
  • The mass uprising involved people of all religions and communities, challenging British rule.
  • Despite the movement's suppression, it paved the way for India's eventual independence in 1947.
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