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Matter in Our Surroundings Complete ChapteršŸ”„| CLASS 9th Science| NCERT covered| Prashant Kirad

Exphub 9th &10th惻2 minutes read

The text discusses the fundamental concepts of matter, particles, physical properties, states of matter, and phase changes, emphasizing practical activities and examples. It also covers important topics like evaporation, diffusion, kinetic energy, and temperature's impact on state changes.

Insights

  • The chapter "Matter In Our Surrounding" provides a fundamental definition of matter as anything with mass and occupying space, emphasizing that matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which are constantly in motion.
  • Practical activities and examples are essential for reinforcing theoretical knowledge of matter's properties, illustrating concepts such as the space between particles, diffusion, kinetic energy, and state changes.
  • Evaporation is a crucial phenomenon influenced by factors like temperature, surface area, humidity, and wind speed, leading to cooling effects observed in everyday scenarios like the cooling of earthen pots in summer.

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Recent questions

  • What is matter composed of?

    Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms.

  • How are particles of matter arranged?

    Particles of matter have spaces between them.

  • What is diffusion?

    Diffusion is the mixing of substances due to particle motion.

  • How does temperature affect matter?

    Increasing temperature leads to higher kinetic energy.

  • What is evaporation?

    Evaporation is the process of changing liquid into vapor.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

"Essential Chemistry: Matter's Properties and Concepts"

  • The chapter "Matter In Our Surrounding" is considered easy but crucial for exams.
  • Questions from every line of NCRT can be challenging, so it's essential not to overlook any details.
  • The chapter emphasizes the definition of matter as anything with mass and occupying space.
  • Matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms, which are so small they require a powerful microscope to be seen.
  • An activity with potassium permanganate demonstrates how a few crystals can color a large amount of water, proving the presence of numerous tiny particles in each crystal.
  • Another physical property of matter is the space between particles, illustrated by the example of dissolving sugar or salt in water.
  • The space between particles allows for the dissolution of substances in water, showcasing the presence of gaps between atoms.
  • Understanding the physical properties of matter is crucial for grasping the fundamental concepts of chemistry.
  • Practical activities and examples are essential for reinforcing the theoretical knowledge of matter's properties.
  • The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of matter through practical demonstrations and explanations.

12:23

"Particles in Motion: Matter's Dynamic Nature"

  • Particles of matter have spaces between them, indicating that they are not tightly packed.
  • The concept of particles in constant motion is explained, highlighting that particles are always moving.
  • The motion of particles is compared to the motion of a person running or moving around.
  • The example of spraying perfume is used to illustrate how gas particles move and spread.
  • Diffusion is defined as the mixing of substances due to the motion of particles.
  • The concept of kinetic energy is introduced, explaining that particles have energy due to their motion.
  • Increasing temperature leads to higher kinetic energy and faster diffusion.
  • The force of attraction between particles is discussed, emphasizing how particles attract each other.
  • An experiment with ice, water, and water vapor is used to demonstrate the differences in attraction forces in solids, liquids, and gases.
  • The summary concludes by summarizing the four properties of particles of matter and introducing the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

24:31

States of Matter and Particle Arrangement

  • The table discussed in the text is crucial and should be examined thoroughly.
  • The table explains the concept of solid, liquid, and gas, emphasizing the space between particles.
  • The arrangement of particles in solids, liquids, and gases is detailed, highlighting the differences in spacing.
  • The text delves into the fixed shape of solids, the ability of liquids to take any shape, and gases having no definite shape.
  • Compressibility is discussed, with solids being non-compressible, liquids slightly compressible, and gases highly compressible.
  • Kinetic energy varies in solids, liquids, and gases, affecting the movement of particles.
  • The importance of understanding the concept of gases exerting pressure on the walls of a container is emphasized.
  • The elasticity of rubber, the arrangement of sugar and salt particles, and the compressibility of sponges are explained to clarify solid properties.
  • The text introduces the concept of plasma as the fourth state of matter, exemplified by the sun and neon signs.
  • Bose-Einstein condensates, a unique state of matter created at low temperatures and high density, are briefly mentioned.

36:52

"SI Units, Temperature Conversions, State Changes"

  • SI units are crucial; meter is a known unit, while kilogram is used for weight and temperature.
  • Kelvin is the SI unit for temperature, although Celsius is commonly used in daily life.
  • To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273; to convert Kelvin to Celsius, subtract 273.
  • Changing states of matter involves temperature and pressure; increasing temperature leads to state changes.
  • Fusion is the process of solid to liquid conversion, while vaporization is liquid to gas.
  • Condensation converts gas to liquid, and solidification changes liquid to solid.
  • Sublimation is the direct conversion of solid to gas, while deposition is the reverse.
  • Temperature affects state changes by increasing kinetic energy and reducing force of attraction.
  • Melting point is the temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid, like ice melting at 0 degrees Celsius.
  • Latent heat of fusion is the heat needed to convert a solid to a liquid, while latent heat of vaporization is required for liquid to gas conversion.

49:51

Heat and Phase Changes: A Summary

  • The temperature remains at 0 degrees until the eyes are converted into liquid due to the latent heat of fusion.
  • After heating the fusion to 100Ā°, it becomes water vapor at 100 degrees due to the latent heat of vaporization.
  • The process of converting solid to liquid is called fusion, while the process of converting liquid to gas is called vaporization.
  • Latent heat of vaporization is the heat needed to convert 1 kg of liquid into gas at the boiling point.
  • Sublimation is the process where a solid changes directly into gas without becoming a liquid.
  • Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide stored under high pressure to prevent it from converting directly into gas.
  • Evaporation is the phenomenon of changing liquid into vapor below the boiling point, a surface phenomenon where particles on the surface gain energy to escape.
  • Factors affecting evaporation include temperature, surface area, humidity, and wind speed.
  • Evaporation is influenced by temperature, with higher temperatures increasing kinetic energy and evaporation rate.
  • Wind speed can affect evaporation, with higher speeds leading to faster drying of clothes due to increased air movement.

01:03:15

Cooling Effect of Evaporation in Summer

  • Evaporation leads to cooling due to the process of water vaporizing and absorbing heat energy from the surroundings.
  • The concept is exemplified by the cooling effect observed in earthen pots during summer, where water evaporates through small pores, cooling the pot and its surroundings.
  • Water absorbs heat energy from the surroundings, converting into water vapor that evaporates and cools the pot.
  • The process of evaporation involves liquid particles absorbing energy to overcome inter-particle forces of attraction.
  • Cotton clothes are recommended in summer due to their porous nature, allowing sweat to evaporate and cool the body.
  • Water droplets form on the outer surface of a glass containing ice or cold water due to water vapor in the air condensing back into liquid.
  • Evaporation is a slow process that results in cooling, as water vaporizes and absorbs heat energy from the surroundings.
  • Alcohol's boiling point is 78 degrees Celsius, which converts to 351 Kelvin when converted.
  • Diffusion is exemplified by the color change of potassium permanganate in water without mixing, showcasing the movement of particles.
  • Gas can be converted into liquid by reducing temperature and increasing pressure, with diffusion and expansion increasing with rising temperature.

01:16:06

Dream big, work hard, take action

  • Emphasizes the importance of dreaming big and working hard to achieve success
  • Encourages taking action and not staying stagnant
  • Mentions reflecting on a lecture and seeking feedback
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