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HALOALKANES AND HALOARENES in 56 Minutes | Full Chapter Revision | Class 12th NEET

Competition Wallah・46 minutes read

Concentrated HClO2, known as Locus Reagent, is used in Alman reaction to break bonds. Lecture on Hello Alkanes and Hello Alkenes discusses reactions, mechanisms, and preparation methods.

Insights

  • Concentrated hclo2, known as Locus Reagent, is utilized in the Alman reaction to break bonds, showcasing its significance in chemical reactions and synthesis processes.
  • The rate of reaction in organic chemistry is heavily influenced by factors like stability of carbocations, quality of leaving groups, and solvent choice, demonstrating the intricate interplay of various elements that dictate the outcome of chemical transformations.

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Recent questions

  • What is the Lucas test used for?

    The Lucas test is utilized to distinguish between 1-degree alcohols, which convert into alkyl chlorides, and 3-degree alcohols, indicated by turbidity.

  • How does the method of preparation of Hello Alkane occur?

    The method involves alcohol reacting with hydrogen to form RH2P and a carbocation, potentially undergoing rearrangement.

  • What is the role of stereochemistry in reactions?

    Stereochemistry is crucial as nucleophiles approach from the backside to ensure inversion, minimizing steric hindrance.

  • What is the impact of leaving groups on reaction rates?

    Better leaving groups result in higher reaction rates due to their quality affecting the stability of the carbocation.

  • How does the Grignard reagent react with water?

    The Grignard reagent reacts with water in wet conditions, forming an alkane and pulling H+ from water, necessitating dry conditions to prevent this reaction.

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Summary

00:00

Chemical Reactions Lecture Series: Alkanes and Alkenes

  • Concentrated hclo2 is also known as Locus Reagent, used in Alman reaction to break bonds.
  • Lecture on mind map series covering Hello Alkanes and Hello Alkenes, with a focus on reactions and quick revision.
  • Hello Alkanes consist of two parts: Hello Alkane and Hello Ans, with a method of preparation and chemical properties.
  • Method of Preparation of Hello Alkane involves alcohol reacting with h to form rh2 p and carbo katy, with a possibility of rearrangement.
  • Lucas test distinguishes 1-degree alcohols converting into RC and RCL, with turbidity indicating 3-degree alcohols.
  • Hydro halogen of alkene reaction forms rx3, with stability of Carbo Katan and potential rearrangement.
  • Halogen of alkane reaction in sunlight produces 3-degree, 2-degree, and 1-degree products based on stability.
  • Halogen of alkene reaction with x2 in non-polar solvent forms rx2, while polar solvent leads to Swaz reaction.
  • Electrophilic substitution reaction in Hello Eris involves replacing h on benzene with x+ and directing groups for ortho and para positions.
  • Aniline reaction for Hello Anise includes Sand Meyer reaction converting nh2 group into n2 pa, and Gutterman reaction for further conversions.

16:21

Carbocation Stability and Leaving Group Impact

  • Rate of reaction is directly linked to the stability of the carbocation, with more stable carbocations leading to higher reaction rates.
  • The quality of the leaving group also impacts the reaction rate, with better leaving groups resulting in higher rates.
  • The order of reactivity is R > RBR > RC > RF due to the lower bond energy between iodine and carbon, making it easier for iodine to break away.
  • Polar protic solvents favor SN1 reactions, leading to incomplete racemization with more inversion than retention.
  • Attack from the backside is preferred to avoid repulsion, leading to the formation of a transition state and subsequent bond formation.
  • Stereochemistry plays a crucial role in the reaction, with nucleophiles approaching from the backside to ensure inversion.
  • Energy profile diagrams for one-step reactions are straightforward, with a transition state forming and no intermediates involved.
  • The rate of reaction is directly proportional to the electron-withdrawing group and inversely proportional to the donating group and steric hindrance.
  • Nucleophiles should attack from the backside to minimize steric hindrance, with leaving ability playing a significant role in SN1 and SN2 reactions.
  • Solvolysis reactions follow SN1 pathways, with solvents acting as nucleophiles, and the choice of solvent impacting the reaction mechanism.

31:51

Key Reactions in Organic Chemistry Reactions and Mechanisms

  • Key reaction involving dry ether to break bonds and form radicals for coupling R radicals to produce RR.
  • Known as Turret reaction or Wood's reaction.
  • Formation of Grignard reagent with metal, occurring at around 35 degrees Celsius.
  • Grignard reagent reacts with water in wet conditions, forming R and pulling H+ from water.
  • Dry conditions are crucial to prevent this reaction and convert Grignard into alkane.
  • Ether stabilizes the reagent in the reaction.
  • Properties of Haloarenes include electron-withdrawing groups like Nitro being common.
  • Nitro groups direct ortho and para substitutions in Haloarenes.
  • Dow process reaction requires high temperature and pressure to break partial double bond character.
  • Electrophilic substitution reactions in benzene involve nitration, sulfonation, and halogenation mechanisms.

46:54

Key Concepts in Organic Chemistry Reactions

  • Adding rxx100 and p will yield 2 moles of PA
  • Addition of iodine changes the pH, known as Alman reaction
  • Fluorine and bromine applications determine the reaction outcome
  • Steric hindrance influences SN2 reactions in different alkyl groups
  • Sbcl5 leads to racemization in a solution of chloro to phenyl in toluene
  • Ammonia acts as a nucleophile in a specific reaction
  • Ethyl chloride undergoes SN2 reaction due to steric hindrance
  • Alkyl halides can undergo rearrangement in SN1 reactions
  • Various questions and answers on SN1, SN2, elimination, and addition reactions
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