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haloalkanes and haloarenes one shot class 12 organic chemistry chapter 10 complete chapter

Munil Sir・2 minutes read

Revision is crucial, emphasizing honesty, and explaining the basics of halogens, alkanes, haloalkanes, Aryls, and degrees in compounds, along with methods of preparation. Different reactions like SN1, SN2, and Finkelstein are discussed, highlighting key concepts like steric hindrance, reactivity, and bond weakening to facilitate reactions.

Insights

  • Revision is crucial for understanding the complex concepts discussed in the lecture, emphasizing the importance of honesty in learning.
  • The reactivity of compounds like haloarenes is influenced by factors such as steric hindrance and the presence of partial double bond character, impacting the success of chemical reactions and requiring specific strategies such as temperature adjustments and the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups to facilitate reactions effectively.

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Recent questions

  • What are haloalkanes?

    Compounds with single bonds to halogens.

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Summary

00:00

Chemistry Lecture: Halogens, Alkanes, Haloalkanes, Reactivity, Degrees

  • Revision is emphasized as crucial, with a strong suggestion to pay attention and learn honesty.
  • The lecture delves into the basics of halogens, particularly fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
  • Alkanes are discussed, focusing on single-bonded compounds like methane and ethane.
  • Haloalkanes are introduced as compounds with single bonds to halogens like fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
  • A distinction is made between haloalkanes directly attached to benzene rings (Hello Aryls) and those not directly attached (not Hello Aryls).
  • Phenyl vinyl compounds are highlighted for their low reactivity due to double and single bonds next to halogens.
  • The reactivity of different compounds like allyl, benzyl, and benzoyl alcohol is discussed, with benzyl chloride being particularly emphasized.
  • The concept of degrees in compounds is explained, with 1°, 2°, and 3° carbons being differentiated based on their connections.
  • The method of preparing haloalkanes from alcohols is detailed, emphasizing the importance of specific reagents like SO2 and PCl3.
  • Another method involves converting hydrocarbons to haloalkanes using Cl2 in the presence of sunlight or energy, with examples like chloroform and CCl4 provided.

10:27

Chemical reactions and rules in chemistry

  • Peroxide causes negative to go where there is more hydrogen
  • Antimarkovnikov rule states that negative (BR) goes to the carbon with more hydrogen
  • Remember the rule: Ajay's side far away means apply in the corner, no peroxide means apply in the middle
  • Reaction between two carbons: H+ tomorrow- H+ B- without peroxide, place in the middle
  • Br2 CCl4 on double bonded carbon results in bromine on both carbons, bond opens
  • Finkelstein reaction: remember 'IN' for 'I' and 'N' exchange, halogen exchange reaction
  • 100 reaction: AGF on chlorine results in fluorine addition, remember 'swag' for reaction
  • Halohalogenation: ch3ch2cl with aqueous of Hai gaya di results in double bond formation
  • Alcoholication: alcohol reacts with C and cyanide forms, Joe reaction doubles carbons
  • AGCl on ch3ch2cl results in CN reaction with N, KNO2 reacts with O or N based on fire presence
  • SN1 reaction is unimolecular, polar protic solvent, one step mechanism, retention and inversion examples

21:09

Chemical Reactivity and Reaction Mechanisms Explained

  • The compound discussed is ch3 ch3 ch3cl, with the first step involving the removal of CL.
  • The text mentions the concept of retention and aversion in chemical reactions based on attack angles.
  • The stability of carbon determines reactivity, with 3-degree being the most stable and reactive.
  • The mechanism of sn2 reactions involves hindrance as a deciding factor for reaction speed.
  • The text explains the importance of crowd or steric hindrance in determining reaction rates.
  • The Hero of the South, benzene diazonium chloride, is highlighted as a versatile compound for reactions.
  • Various methods for preparing haloarenes are detailed, including the Sandmeyer and Gattermann reactions.
  • The reactivity of haloarenes is affected by the presence of partial double bond character, making them less reactive.
  • The challenge of reactions due to double bond character in compounds like chlorobenzene is discussed.
  • Increasing temperature and pressure are suggested as tricks to overcome the lack of reactivity in certain chemical reactions.

31:29

Temperature and NO2 enhance reaction efficiency.

  • Increasing temperature led to the disappearance of chlorine due to the weakening of a double bond.
  • To facilitate a reaction, the bond needed to be weakened by introducing NO2, an electron withdrawing group.
  • Lowering the temperature to 443 Kelvin resulted in the disappearance of chlorine.
  • By adding two NO2 groups, the reactivity increased, leading to a successful reaction.
  • Applying all three NO2 groups further weakened the bond, allowing for a reaction without additional steps.
  • Increasing the temperature initiated the reaction, especially when NO2 was added to weaken the bond.
  • Ortho and para reactions were crucial when dealing with compounds like CH3Cl and hydrous AlCl3.
  • Aldehydes with double-bonded oxygen required specific reactions, following the presence of oxygen or double bonds.
  • Friedel Craft Alkylation involved adding alkyl groups to chlorine-containing compounds, with ortho and para reactions being essential.
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