What is the role of insulin in the body?

Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by reducing them.

What are the symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes?

Symptoms include polyphagia, glycosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia.

Type 1 diabetes results from insufficient insulin production due to an immune response.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is increased acidity due to ketone bodies in type 1 diabetes.

Prediabetes is diagnosed through fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and HbA1c tests.

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Diabetes mellitus, whether Type 1 or Type 2, involves intricate mechanisms of insulin regulation, immune responses, and glucose levels, necessitating different treatment approaches such as insulin therapy for Type 1 and lifestyle changes/medications for Type 2, with careful monitoring to prevent complications like diabetic ketoacidosis.

What is the role of insulin in the body?
Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by reducing them.
What are the symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes?
Symptoms include polyphagia, glycosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia.
How does type 1 diabetes differ from type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes results from insufficient insulin production due to an immune response.
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis is increased acidity due to ketone bodies in type 1 diabetes.
How is prediabetes diagnosed?
Prediabetes is diagnosed through fasting glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and HbA1c tests.

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Diabetes mellitus results in high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to move glucose into cells for energy.
Insulin and glucagon regulate blood glucose levels, with insulin reducing and glucagon increasing glucose levels.
Insulin is secreted by beta cells in the pancreas, while glucagon is secreted by alpha cells.
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body doesn't produce enough insulin due to an immune response attacking beta cells.
Human leukocyte antigen system genes play a role in immune response regulation in type 1 diabetes.
Symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes include polyphagia, glycosuria, polyuria, and polydipsia.
Diabetic ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes results from increased acidity due to ketone bodies, leading to severe complications.
Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, where cells don't respond effectively to insulin.
Beta cell compensation in type 2 diabetes leads to increased insulin production, maintaining normal blood glucose levels initially.

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Fasting glucose test requires 8 hours of fasting, with levels of 100-125 mg/dL indicating prediabetes and 126 mg/dL or higher indicating diabetes. Non-fasting test with 200 mg/dL or higher is concerning for diabetes.
Oral glucose tolerance test involves glucose intake with blood samples taken at intervals, with levels of 140-199 mg/dL indicating prediabetes and 200 mg/dL or above indicating diabetes.
HbA1c test measures glycated hemoglobin, with levels of 5.7%-6.4% indicating prediabetes and 6.5% or higher indicating diabetes, reflecting blood glucose levels over 2-3 months.
C-peptide test assesses insulin production, with low levels indicating insufficient insulin for glucose entry into cells. Type I diabetes requires insulin treatment, while type II can be managed with lifestyle changes, medications like metformin, and insulin if needed. Hypoglycemia risks with insulin treatment can be managed with glucose intake or intranasal glucagon for severe cases.