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CLASS 10 LIFE PROCESSES FULL CHAPTER | CLASS 10 SCIENCE | SHUBHAM PATHAK #biology #class10

Shubham Pathak・114 minutes read

Shubham Pathak welcomes Vijay Padi for a detailed lecture on the four life processes, including nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion, emphasizing the role of reproduction in living beings. The lecture covers complex topics like photosynthesis, digestion, and kidney function, showcasing the intricate processes involved in plant and human life.

Insights

The chapter on life processes covers nutrition, transportation, respiration, and excretion, crucial functions that distinguish living beings from non-living entities.
Plants utilize photosynthesis to synthesize food using sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water, showcasing the intricate process of plant nutrition.
The digestive system in humans involves various organs like the mouth, stomach, and small intestine, highlighting the complex process of digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The kidney, a vital excretory organ, filters waste from blood to form urine, emphasizing the importance of excretion in maintaining bodily functions and eliminating toxins.

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Recent questions

What are the four life processes discussed?
Nutrition, transportation, respiration, excretion.
What is the process of photosynthesis in plants?
Absorption of sunlight, conversion to glucose, oxygen production.
How does the human digestive system work?
Alimentary canal, accessory glands, peristalsis, digestion, absorption.
What is the process of respiration in living organisms?
Energy derived from food in the presence of oxygen.
How do plants transport water and food?
Xylem, phloem tissues, osmotic pressure, transpiration, translocation.

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Summary

00:00

Life Processes: Nutrition, Respiration, Reproduction, Excretion

Shubham Pathak welcomes Vijay Padi to the channel to complete life processes in one class, offering free PDFs and sharing a Tegra channel named Socially Shubham.
The chapter on life processes will be thoroughly covered in the lecture, providing tips for understanding the complex topic and encouraging questions and homework.
The four life processes discussed are nutrition, transportation, respiration, and excretion, distinguishing living beings from non-living entities based on specific functions.
Reproduction is also considered a vital life process, essential for the continuation of life, with unicellular and multicellular organisms exemplified.
Unicellular organisms, like amoebas, have a single-cell body, while multicellular organisms, such as humans and plants, have complex organ systems.
Nutrition is defined as the process through which living organisms obtain and introduce food into their bodies, with autotrophic and heterotrophic modes of nutrition explained.
Autotrophic nutrition, seen in plants and some bacteria, involves synthesizing food using light or chemical energy, with photosynthesis being the process by which green plants create their food.
Photosynthesis occurs in green parts of plants, primarily leaves, utilizing sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.
Raw materials for photosynthesis, such as carbon dioxide and water, are obtained from the atmosphere and soil, entering the plant through stomata and root hairs.
The process of photosynthesis involves three key events: absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll, conversion of light energy into chemical energy, and reduction of carbon dioxide to form glucose, showcasing the intricate process of plant nutrition.

16:41

Plant Survival Strategies and Nutrition Processes

Glucose molecules are the food for plants, with excess food being stored in the plant's body.
Plants can survive without water for a few days due to stored glucose in the form of starch.
Terrestrial plants follow a sequence of absorption, conversion, and reduction for survival.
Zero phytic plants, like cacti and acacia, require minimal water and open stomata only at night to conserve water.
Guard cells regulate stomata openings for gas exchange in plants.
Stomata openings are controlled by the swelling and shrinking of guard cells.
Transpiration, the process of water evaporation through stomata, helps plants regulate excess water.
Leaves have a structure with midrib, lamina, veins, and conduction tissues like xylem and phloem.
Heterotrophic mode of nutrition includes parasitic, saprophytic, and holozoic methods.
Amoeba demonstrates holozoic nutrition through ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food.

33:28

"Nutrition and Digestion in Amoeba and Humans"

Pseudo Podia are fake feet present in Amoeba, aiding in movement towards food absorption.
Food is absorbed through the bio membrane after being dissolved by digestive enzymes in Amoeba.
Digestive enzymes in Amoeba break down food in the cytoplasm, leading to absorption of digested food.
Energy is derived from absorbed food in Amoeba's cytoplasm.
Amoeba expels undigested food through its membrane.
Paramecium follows a similar process to Amoeba but with differences in movement and food entry.
Human nutrition involves a complex digestive system with the alimentary canal and accessory glands.
Peristalsis aids in moving food through the alimentary canal via rhythmic contractions.
Mastication in the mouth involves teeth, tongue, and saliva to break down food.
Human dental formula consists of 32 teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars in specific numbers.

52:24

Digestive System: Teeth to Absorption in Intestines

Canines are bitten by biting or Bitis teeth are premolar or What is the function of molar which is called da? Grinding comes to grind food.
The dental formula consists of layers: enamel, dentine, cement, and pulp, with enamel being the hardest substance covering teeth.
Cavities are formed due to bacteria mixing with food, producing acid that damages enamel and dentine, leading to tooth decay.
Plaque, a layer formed by bacteria and food particles, can lead to acid formation, causing decay in enamel and dentine.
Saliva helps neutralize acid to prevent tooth decay, emphasizing the importance of brushing teeth twice daily.
Food bolus moves from the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus, with digestion starting in the stomach.
The stomach, with its parts like cardia, fundus, body, and antrum, secretes pepsin, hydrochloric acid, and mucus for digestion.
The small intestine, the longest part of the alimentary canal, aids in maximum digestion, with bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas crucial for fat and protein breakdown.
The pancreas secretes enzymes like trypsin and lipase for protein and fat digestion in the small intestine.
Microvilli in the small intestine increase surface area for quick absorption of digested food, while those in the large intestine aid in absorption as well.

01:10:54

Digestive System Functions and Processes Explained

Water from digested fruit should be already digested to extract minerals and vitamins in the large intestine.
The digestive system includes ascending and descending colon, and the rectum signals when food is ready to be expelled.
Saliva from digested food helps solidify it, and food stored in the rectum triggers the body to expel waste.
Ejaculation exits the body through the anus, with two types of muscles in the anus for food removal.
Glycogen from digested food is stored in the liver for energy, especially during fasting periods.
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Respiration is the process where energy is derived from food in the presence of oxygen, with aerobic and anaerobic respiration types.
Glucose from nutrition is converted into pyruvate, which is further processed based on oxygen availability in mitochondria.
Fermentation in yeast produces ethanol and CO2 in the absence of oxygen, useful in bread-making.
Breathing and cellular respiration are the two steps of respiration, with oxygen intake and CO2 release through the lungs. ATP stores energy in the body, releasing it when needed for various bodily functions.

01:27:42

"Respiration: Energy Production and Oxygen Transport"

Respiration is a catabolic process where glucose is broken down to produce energy.
Metabolic processes in the body are either catabolic (breaking down) or anabolic (building up).
Plants show aerobic respiration during the day, utilizing sunlight for photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, plants require CO2, which is produced during aerobic respiration.
Oxygen and glucose are products of photosynthesis, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.
Aquatic animals like fish breathe through gills to extract oxygen from water.
The concentration of oxygen in water is lower than in the atmosphere, leading to increased respiration rates in aquatic animals.
Humans and plants respire through diffusion, but humans have higher energy requirements.
The respiratory system in humans includes the nose, trachea, bronchioles, and lungs enclosed in the rib cage.
Oxygen is carried in the blood by hemoglobin in red blood cells, with a higher affinity for oxygen than carbon dioxide.

01:43:47

Plant and Human Transportation Systems Compared

Radial volume of air in the lungs is crucial to prevent collapse due to lack of oxygen.
Transportation in plants involves water, minerals, and food moving through xylem and phloem tissues.
Water moves from roots to all plant parts, ensuring essential hydration.
Food transportation occurs through phloem tissue, utilizing ATP energy for sucrose loading.
Osmotic pressure facilitates the movement of water and food to areas needing nourishment.
Transpiration in plants is a necessary process to maintain temperature and facilitate water movement.
Excessive transpiration can lead to plant dehydration, emphasizing the need for moderation.
Translocation in plants involves the movement of food from leaves to other body parts.
The lymphatic system in humans aids in transportation, with lymph forming from leaked substances in capillaries.
Lymph, similar to blood but colorless, lacks RBCs and certain proteins, enabling efficient transportation.

01:59:11

Circulatory System: Lymph, Blood, Heart, Veins

Lymph transports certain minerals and digested fat molecules, including glycerol.
The lymphatic system produces lymph, which converts into lymph vessels and then large veins.
Lymph is a colorless fluid aiding in the transportation of digested fat and certain minerals.
The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood components like RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
The heart, a muscular organ with four chambers, ensures proper oxygenation and circulation.
Double circulation involves the heart pumping blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Plasma, composed of water, proteins, salts, vitamins, and hormones, is the most abundant blood component.
Blood cells include RBCs for oxygen transport, WBCs for immunity, and platelets for clotting.
The lymphatic system, blood circulation, and blood pressure are essential components of the circulatory system.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, while veins bring blood back to the heart, with capillaries facilitating diffusion.

02:17:48

Excretion in Organisms: From Amoeba to Humans

Transportation in single-celled organisms like amoeba involves the removal of carbon dioxide and undigested food, as well as nitrogen waste like uric acid.
Multi-cellular organisms with nephridia structures excrete waste, with humans focusing on kidney function for excretion.
The kidney, a vital excretory organ, filters nitrogenous waste from blood to form urine, with paired kidneys and ureters facilitating the process.
The kidney's functional unit, the nephron, consists of the Bowman capsule, glomerulus, and tubular parts for filtration and reabsorption.
Blood undergoes ultrafiltration in the glomerulus, with the renal artery supplying oxygenated blood and the renal vein carrying filtered blood.
Tubular reabsorption in the nephron reabsorbs essential substances like calcium and bicarbonate, while secretion eliminates toxins like urea and potassium ions.
The final step in urine formation involves the collecting duct, where filtrate becomes urine before being expelled through the urethra.
Dialysis serves as a substitute for kidney function, filtering blood through a dialyzer to remove waste and toxins, allowing clean blood to return to the body.
Plants excrete through processes like stomatal release of carbon dioxide and water vapor, as well as resinous excretions storing toxins and waste.

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