Truth, War and Consequences (full documentary) | FRONTLINE

FRONTLINE PBS | Official2 minutes read

The text explores the Iraq war, Saddam Hussein's regime, U.S. post-war planning, the INC's role, and challenges in rebuilding Iraq after the war, revealing shortcomings in intelligence and decision-making. The war in Iraq, driven by flawed intelligence and post-war planning, led to widespread chaos and challenges in rebuilding the country, highlighting failures in leadership and decision-making processes.

Insights

  • The Bush administration lacked a clear plan for the war in Iraq, leading to chaos and severe shortages in post-war Iraq due to rampant looting and destruction.
  • The INC, supported by figures like Ahmed Chalabi, received funding based on unverifiable evidence of Saddam's weapons of mass destruction, leading to doubts within the U.S. government and internal debates about post-war planning, ultimately resulting in widespread criticism of policies implemented by Ambassador Paul Bremer.

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Recent questions

  • What were the consequences of the war in Iraq?

    The war in Iraq, involving both Al-Qaeda and Saddam Hussein, was believed by the Bush administration to enhance global safety, despite lacking a clear plan. Post-Saddam Baghdad was in a dilapidated state, with widespread looting and destruction. General Jay Garner's reconstruction team found most buildings demolished, leading to severe shortages and chaos. Looting was rampant, necessitating more troops to control the situation. The run-up to the war saw a divergence between intelligence reports and administration claims, with doubts about Saddam's weapons of mass destruction. The aftermath of the war involved internal debates within the U.S. government regarding post-war planning and the establishment of a provisional government.

  • Who were the key figures involved in post-war planning for Iraq?

    Key figures involved in post-war planning for Iraq included Kanan Makia, Ahmed Chalabi, and General Jay Garner. Makia, a vocal critic of Saddam Hussein, initially declined involvement in post-war plans but later advocated for democracy. Chalabi lobbied for U.S. support for an Iraqi political movement endorsing democracy and renunciation of weapons of mass destruction. The INC, led by Chalabi, received CIA funding and support but faced setbacks due to unverifiable claims about Saddam's weapons. General Garner, tasked with post-war planning, faced challenges in a dilapidated Baghdad, with looting and shortages. The Pentagon's assumption of Iraqi cooperation post-Saddam's removal and the divergence between intelligence reports and administration claims shaped the post-war landscape.

  • What challenges did the State Department face in post-war planning for Iraq?

    The State Department faced challenges in post-war planning for Iraq, particularly regarding the Future of Iraq Project and the involvement of Iraqi exiles in working groups. Kanan Makia, initially hesitant to participate, highlighted the need for expertise in areas like garbage collection and healthcare recruitment. The State Department's opposition to the INC's proposal for a provisional government in exile led to internal debates within the U.S. government. The Pentagon's disregard for the Future of Iraq project and assumption of Iraqi cooperation post-Saddam's removal further complicated post-war planning efforts. Concerns about security, looting, and violence in post-war Iraq prompted a shift in planning to Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz at the Pentagon.

  • How did the U.S. government handle the aftermath of the war in Iraq?

    The U.S. government faced challenges in handling the aftermath of the war in Iraq, with General Jay Garner's reconstruction team struggling with looting, shortages, and chaos in post-Saddam Baghdad. The Pentagon's assumption of Iraqi cooperation post-Saddam's removal and the divergence between intelligence reports and administration claims shaped the post-war landscape. Ambassador Paul Bremer replaced Garner, implementing strict measures like debaathification and shooting looters on sight. Bremer faced criticism for delaying the establishment of an Iraqi-led government and banning Baathists from public office. Concerns about security, violence, and economic costs persisted, with ongoing military occupation for reconstruction efforts.

  • What were the key factors contributing to the challenges in post-war Iraq?

    The challenges in post-war Iraq were influenced by factors such as the lack of a clear plan, widespread looting, and destruction in Baghdad post-Saddam. The Pentagon's assumption of Iraqi cooperation post-Saddam's removal and the divergence between intelligence reports and administration claims shaped the post-war landscape. General Jay Garner's reconstruction team faced delays in entering Baghdad due to security concerns, limited mobility, and communication issues. Violence escalated in Fallujah, with US soldiers firing on crowds, leading to casualties and increased tensions. Ambassador Paul Bremer's strict measures, including debaathification and shooting looters on sight, further exacerbated challenges in post-war Iraq.

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Summary

00:00

War on Terror: Truth and Consequences

  • The war on terror involves not just Al-Qaeda but also Saddam Hussein.
  • The Bush administration believed the war would enhance global safety but lacked a clear plan.
  • Saddam Hussein was seen as a significant threat with weapons of mass destruction.
  • Frontline correspondent Martin Smith investigates the truth and consequences of the war in Iraq.
  • The journey from Kuwait City to Baghdad takes about 12 hours, with U.S. convoys and checkpoints along the way.
  • Baghdad was in a dilapidated state post-Saddam, with widespread looting and destruction.
  • General Jay Garner's reconstruction team found most buildings in Baghdad demolished.
  • Looting was rampant, leading to severe shortages and chaos in post-war Iraq.
  • General Garner acknowledged the need for more troops to control the situation in Baghdad.
  • The State Department's Future of Iraq Project aimed to plan for post-war challenges, involving Iraqi exiles in working groups.

20:21

Iraq War: INC, Chalabi, and WMD Controversy

  • Kanan Makia initially declined an invitation from the State Department to discuss post-war plans for Iraq, citing his lack of expertise in areas like garbage collection and healthcare recruitment.
  • Makia had been advocating for Saddam Hussein's removal for over a decade, openly criticizing the U.S. for not toppling him after the first Gulf War.
  • Makia developed a friendship with Paul Wolfowitz, who later became a key supporter of the Iraqi National Congress (INC).
  • Ahmed Chalabi, another key figure, lobbied for U.S. support for an Iraqi political movement endorsing democracy and renunciation of weapons of mass destruction.
  • The INC received CIA funding and support from the U.S. government, but faced setbacks in the mid-1990s when a planned uprising failed due to lack of American support.
  • Chalabi's claims about Saddam's weapons of mass destruction were based on unverifiable evidence, leading to doubts within the Clinton administration.
  • The INC received millions of dollars from the Iraqi Liberation Act, using some of the funds to attract and pay defectors who were then passed on to the media.
  • Despite claims by Chalabi and the INC, the CIA and Pentagon found no evidence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq prior to the war.
  • The run-up to the Iraq War saw a divergence between intelligence reports and the administration's claims, with cherry-picked information used to justify the invasion.
  • The INC's proposal for a post-war Iraq, including the removal of Saddam's bureaucracy and the establishment of a provisional government, faced opposition from the State Department and CIA, leading to internal debates within the U.S. government.

39:01

Post-war planning for Iraq under scrutiny.

  • Kanan Makia was invited to meet with the President on January 12, 2003, emphasizing the commitment to democracy.
  • The White House opposed an INC provisional government in exile and shifted post-war planning to Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz at the Pentagon.
  • A retired army general, Jay Garner, was tasked with post-war planning, despite Rumsfeld's lack of familiarity with him.
  • The Pentagon disregarded the State Department's Future of Iraq project, leading to bitterness among State Department officials.
  • The Pentagon's plan assumed cooperation from Iraqi soldiers, police, and bureaucrats post-Saddam's removal.
  • The assumption that Iraqis would welcome Americans as liberators was prevalent, despite warnings of potential post-war violence.
  • Richard Pearl's expert warned of post-war violence in Iraq, drawing parallels to previous situations like Bosnia and Kosovo.
  • Top officials like Rumsfeld, Powell, Rice, and Cheney declined interviews regarding post-war planning for Iraq.
  • Powell presented a case to the UN about Iraq harboring terrorists and possessing chemical, biological, and potentially nuclear weapons.
  • Chalabi's attempt to lead an uprising in Iraq faced opposition from the State Department and military, leading to his removal from the fighting.

55:53

Chaos and Controversy in Post-War Iraq

  • President and Vice President were visited, and the President was emotional and happy after the statue in Iraq fell.
  • Initial looting in Iraq was observed, with the military initially taking a passive stance.
  • Lack of authority in Iraq led to widespread looting, with the US military hesitant to intervene due to a lack of instructions.
  • General Garner and his team faced delays in entering Baghdad due to security concerns.
  • Garner's team struggled with limited mobility and communication in Baghdad due to military restrictions and infrastructure damage.
  • Violence escalated in Fallujah, with US soldiers firing on crowds, leading to casualties and increased tensions.
  • Ambassador Paul Bremer replaced Garner, focusing on security and control in Iraq.
  • Bremer implemented strict measures, including debaathification and shooting looters on sight.
  • Bremer faced criticism for his policies, including delaying the establishment of an Iraqi-led government and banning Baathists from public office.
  • Sabotage and violence increased in Iraq, with significant economic costs and ongoing military occupation for reconstruction efforts.

01:16:49

Iraqi exiles push for security and support.

  • Ahmed Chalabi, a prominent Iraqi exile, seeks more power for the council on finances and security, distancing himself from American support.
  • Concerns about security in Iraq arise, with Chalabi emphasizing the need for a police force to be quickly developed.
  • Following attacks in Baghdad, the UN reduces its presence in Iraq, prompting President Bush to appeal for international support for Iraq's reconstruction.
  • Kanan Makiya, an architect turned activist, aims to establish a museum documenting Saddam Hussein's atrocities and hopes for American assistance in rebuilding Iraq.
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