The Reason Why Cancer is so Hard to Beat

Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell2 minutes read

The battle against cancer involves the immune system fighting against the disease through different phases, starting with the Elimination Phase where immune cells eradicate tumor cells, leading to the Escape Phase where cancer cells become immune to the immune system, promoting uncontrollable growth.

Insights

  • The immune system initially fights cancer by sending cells like Macrophages and T Cells to eliminate tumors by starving them of resources.
  • Cancer cells can evolve to evade immune responses, creating a microenvironment that supports uncontrolled growth and hinders the body's defense mechanisms, leading to cancer recurrence and progression.

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Recent questions

  • How does the body fight cancer?

    By activating immune cells like Macrophages and T Cells.

  • What happens during the Elimination Phase of cancer?

    A single corrupted cell multiplies rapidly to form a tumor.

  • How do cancer cells evade the immune system?

    By deactivating immune cells and forming new lineages.

  • What is the Equilibrium Phase of cancer?

    The immune system inadvertently selects the fittest tumor cells.

  • What characterizes the Escape Phase of cancer?

    Cancer cells become immune to the immune system.

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Summary

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Cancer: Immune System vs. Tumor Cells

  • The battle against cancer is likened to a city under siege by zombies, with the body's defense mechanisms fighting against the disease.
  • The Elimination Phase begins with a single corrupted cell that multiplies rapidly, forming a tiny tumor that requires resources to grow.
  • The immune system is activated by the presence of cancer, sending immune cells like Macrophages and T Cells to eradicate the tumor.
  • T Cells block the growth of new blood vessels, starving the tumor cells and leading to their massacre.
  • The Equilibrium Phase sees the immune system inadvertently selecting the fittest tumor cells, allowing them to survive and multiply, leading to the recurrence of cancer.
  • The tumor cells exploit the immune system's off switch, deactivating immune cells and forming new lineages of cancer cells.
  • The Escape Phase involves cancer cells becoming immune to the immune system, creating a cancer microenvironment that hinders immune defenses and promotes uncontrollable growth.
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