The Hidden Wonders of Soil | Jane Zelikova | TED

Recent questions

• What is soil health?

  Soil health refers to the condition of soil in terms of its ability to function effectively within its ecosystem. Healthy soil supports plant growth, maintains water quality, and contributes to biodiversity. It is characterized by a rich microbial community, adequate organic matter, and a balanced nutrient profile. Soil health is crucial for sustainable agriculture, as it influences crop yields and resilience against pests and diseases. Practices that enhance soil health include reducing tillage, maintaining plant cover, and promoting diverse plant species, which together improve soil structure and fertility, ultimately leading to better environmental outcomes.

• How does climate change affect agriculture?

  Climate change significantly impacts agriculture by altering weather patterns, affecting crop yields, and increasing the frequency of extreme weather events. Rising temperatures can lead to heat stress in plants, while changes in precipitation can result in droughts or flooding, both of which threaten food production. Additionally, climate change can shift the distribution of pests and diseases, making it more challenging for farmers to manage their crops. To adapt, agricultural practices must evolve, incorporating strategies such as crop diversification, improved water management, and the use of climate-resilient crop varieties to ensure food security in a changing climate.

• What is the carbon cycle?

  The carbon cycle is a natural process through which carbon is exchanged among the atmosphere, land, water, and living organisms. It begins with plants capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis, converting it into organic matter. When plants die or are consumed, carbon is returned to the soil through decomposition, where it can be stored as soil organic carbon. This cycle is crucial for regulating Earth's climate, as it helps control the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Human activities, such as deforestation and intensive agriculture, have disrupted this cycle, leading to increased carbon emissions and climate change.

• Why is biodiversity important for soil?

  Biodiversity is essential for soil health because it enhances the resilience and functionality of soil ecosystems. A diverse array of plant species contributes to a variety of root structures and organic matter inputs, which improve soil structure and nutrient availability. Additionally, diverse microbial communities play a critical role in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and disease suppression. This diversity helps soils adapt to environmental changes, such as climate variability, and supports sustainable agricultural practices. Promoting biodiversity in agricultural systems not only boosts soil health but also increases crop productivity and resilience against pests and diseases.

• How can we improve soil carbon storage?

  Improving soil carbon storage involves implementing practices that enhance soil health and reduce carbon loss. Key strategies include minimizing soil disturbance through reduced tillage, which helps maintain soil structure and microbial communities. Keeping plant roots in the ground year-round prevents erosion and promotes carbon sequestration. Additionally, cultivating diverse and climate-adapted crops can enhance microbial activity and resilience, further increasing carbon storage potential. Protecting existing soil carbon is also crucial, as it requires careful management of land use and agricultural practices. By adopting these methods, we can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation and improve agricultural sustainability.