The cobalt challenge - The dark side of the energy transition | DW Documentary

Recent questions

• What are the environmental impacts of cobalt mining?

  Cobalt mining, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, has significant environmental consequences. The mining process can lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution, affecting local ecosystems and biodiversity. Additionally, the use of chemicals and heavy machinery in mining operations can further degrade the environment, leading to long-term damage. Contaminated water sources and toxic waste disposal pose risks to both wildlife and nearby communities, highlighting the need for sustainable mining practices to mitigate these environmental impacts.

• How does the EU plan to increase battery production?

  The European Union aims to boost battery production to meet the growing demand for electric vehicles and reduce reliance on Asian-manufactured batteries. By establishing the European Battery Alliance and investing in battery development projects, the EU plans to build 30 gigafactories by 2035 to increase its share of global battery production. These efforts focus on sustainable practices, job creation, and investments in local economies. By expanding battery manufacturing within Europe, the EU aims to enhance its competitiveness in the global market while promoting environmentally friendly production processes.

• What are the social issues associated with cobalt mining?

  Cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is linked to various social issues, including poor working conditions, exploitation of workers, and health risks. Artisanal miners, who contribute significantly to global cobalt supply, often face unsafe working environments, low wages, and lack of labor rights protection. Child labor is also prevalent in some mining operations, raising concerns about ethical sourcing and human rights violations. The reliance on cobalt from regions with such social challenges underscores the importance of promoting responsible mining practices and ensuring the well-being of mining communities.

• How does the EU plan to address battery recycling?

  The European Union has set ambitious targets for battery recycling to promote a circular economy and reduce environmental impact. By 2035, all electric vehicles sold in the EU must contain at least 20% recycled cobalt, encouraging companies to adopt sustainable practices in battery production. Leading companies like Umicore are investing in battery metal recycling technologies to recover cobalt and other valuable materials from used batteries. This focus on recycling not only reduces the demand for new raw materials but also minimizes waste and contributes to resource conservation in the battery industry.

• What role does due diligence play in cobalt supply chains?

  Due diligence processes are essential in tracing cobalt supply chains to prevent human rights abuses and ensure ethical sourcing practices. Companies like RCS Global monitor both industrial and artisanal mines to verify compliance with labor standards and environmental regulations. However, challenges exist in guaranteeing genuine tracing, especially in complex supply chains like those in China, where transparency may be limited. By conducting thorough due diligence and promoting transparency in the cobalt supply chain, companies can address reputational risks associated with child labor and exploitation, fostering responsible sourcing practices in the battery industry.