The Bubonic Plague in... San Francisco?

Caitlin Doughty23 minutes read

The bubonic plague outbreak in San Francisco in 1900 led to discrimination, denial, panic, and eventual successful eradication through rat-catching campaigns and preventive measures, highlighting the importance of public health efforts and community cooperation.

Insights

  • The bubonic plague outbreak in San Francisco in 1900 originated in Chinatown due to discrimination against Chinese residents, leading to denial and concealment of cases, exacerbating the spread of the disease.
  • Doctor Rupert Blue's rat-catching campaign, supported by corporations, was instrumental in combating the plague by identifying rats as carriers and initiating intense eradication efforts, showcasing the effectiveness of targeted public health interventions in controlling disease outbreaks.

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Recent questions

  • What was the bubonic plague outbreak in San Francisco?

    A shocking event in a modern city.

  • Who was tasked with preventing the spread of the bubonic plague in San Francisco?

    Joseph Kinyoun, a renowned bacteriologist.

  • What were the symptoms of the bubonic plague?

    Swollen lymph nodes, fever, delirium, and internal organ hemorrhaging.

  • How did the authorities and residents of Chinatown respond to the plague outbreak?

    Attempted to conceal plague cases, leading to further spread and denial.

  • What measures were taken to combat the bubonic plague in San Francisco?

    Experimental vaccine, rat eradication efforts, and quarantine measures.

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Summary

00:00

Bubonic Plague Outbreak in San Francisco

  • The bubonic plague arrived in San Francisco in 1900, a shocking event in a modern city.
  • Discrimination against Chinese people in San Francisco confined them to Chinatown, where the plague first emerged.
  • Wong Chut King, living in squalid conditions in the Globe Hotel, fell ill with the plague in 1900.
  • Wong's illness was identified by a city health inspector as a textbook bubo, a signature of the bubonic plague.
  • The plague's symptoms included swollen lymph nodes, fever, delirium, and internal organ hemorrhaging.
  • Joseph Kinyoun, a renowned bacteriologist, was tasked with preventing the plague's spread in San Francisco.
  • Kinyoun's initial negligence allowed a ship with plague-infected passengers to enter San Francisco.
  • Despite early denial, the plague eventually infected Chinatown, leading to panic and quarantine measures.
  • The white population of San Francisco believed they were immune to the plague, dismissing the threat.
  • The authorities and residents of Chinatown attempted to conceal plague cases, leading to further spread and denial.

14:53

Plague outbreak in San Francisco and vaccine

  • Plague outbreak in San Francisco led to experimental vaccine, the Haffkine serum, which worked half the time.
  • Riots and protests erupted in Chinatown as Chinese residents resisted being used as test subjects for the serum.
  • Local tongs, akin to benevolent societies run by Tony Soprano, threatened violence against those taking the serum.
  • Governor Gage of California dismissed the plague as a conspiracy, refusing to fund quarantine efforts.
  • William Randolph Hearst's headline exacerbated panic, leading to the quarantine of Chinatown.
  • Doctor Kinyoun was vilified by Gage and the press, accused of orchestrating the plague.
  • Doctor Rupert Blue took over sanitation efforts, building trust in Chinatown to reveal plague victims.
  • Rats were identified as carriers of the plague, prompting intense rat eradication efforts.
  • Blue's rat-catching campaign, supported by corporations, led to a decline in plague cases.
  • San Francisco faced a resurgence of the plague post-earthquake, with Blue's continued efforts crucial in combating it.

29:29

"Rat Eradication Saves San Francisco from Plague"

  • In 1908, a city offered 25 cents for male rats and 50 cents for female rats, equivalent to 3.29 and 6.58 in 2020 dollars respectively, leading to citizens forming rat-killing squads and the eventual eradication of the plague in San Francisco.
  • Despite challenges and denial, history shows that overcoming disease is possible, as seen in the successful rat eradication efforts during the bubonic plague outbreak, emphasizing the importance of simple preventive measures like wearing masks.
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