The 19th-Century Spirit Photography Grift

Caitlin Doughty2 minutes read

William Mumler's interest in spirit photography began in 1861 after accidentally capturing a ghostly figure in a self-portrait, leading to his iconic transparent figure technique. Despite skepticism and accusations of fraud, Mumler's spirit photography career flourished, appealing to spiritualists and those seeking connections with the deceased.

Insights

  • Mumler's spirit photography, initially sparked by a chance capture of a ghostly figure, gained popularity post-Civil War, providing solace to mourners by suggesting connections with departed loved ones, despite facing skepticism and accusations of fraud.
  • The Penumbra Foundation, under Jeffrey Berliner's leadership, recreates Mumler's spirit photographs using period techniques, aiming to preserve historical photography heritage and offer educational resources, potentially inspiring the creation of classes on the subject by individuals like Jolene Lupo.

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Recent questions

  • What sparked William Mumler's interest in spirit photography?

    Mumler accidentally captured a ghostly figure in his self-portrait.

  • How did Mumler's spirit photography gain attention and endorsement?

    Dr. Gardner, a spiritualist, endorsed the authenticity of Mumler's first spirit photo.

  • What led to Mumler's unexpected fame in spirit photography?

    Mumler's prank photo publication led to people flocking to his studio for spirit photographs.

  • Why did Mumler's reputation decline in spirit photography?

    Mumler faced skepticism and accusations of fraud, leading to a decline in his reputation and clientele.

  • What was the outcome of Mumler's trial on charges of fraud?

    Mumler was acquitted due to lack of evidence against him, but his reputation suffered.

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Summary

00:00

Mumler's Spirit Photography: Capturing the Unseen

  • In 1861, William Mumler, a novice photographer, accidentally captured a ghostly figure in his self-portrait, sparking his interest in spirit photography.
  • At the Penumbra Foundation, Jolene Lupo and Sam Dole recreate Mumler's spirit photographs using period cameras and techniques.
  • Mumler's iconic spirit photo featured a translucent figure standing beside the subject, a technique shrouded in mystery.
  • Spiritualism gained popularity post-Civil War, offering solace to mourners by suggesting the presence of departed loved ones.
  • Mumler, initially a skeptic, met Hannah Stuart, a medium and photographer, who inspired his spirit photography endeavors.
  • Mumler's first spirit photo, dismissed as a mistake, gained attention when Dr. Gardner, a spiritualist, endorsed its authenticity.
  • Mumler's prank photo publication led to unexpected fame, with people flocking to his studio for spirit photographs.
  • Mumler's popularity soared as he captured spirits beside living subjects, using meticulous techniques in the darkroom.
  • Jolene and Caitlin successfully recreate Mumler's classic spirit photo, showcasing the meticulous process involved.
  • Mumler's spirit photography career flourished, appealing to spiritualists and those seeking connections with the deceased, despite his personal beliefs remaining ambiguous.

14:35

Mumler's Spirit Photography: Belief, Science, and Fraud

  • Spirit photography was viewed as both supernatural belief and science, capturing unseen elements like Louis Pasteur's germ theory.
  • Jacob E. Black, a respected photographer, attempted to replicate Mumler's spirit photography through mechanical means but failed.
  • Black's assistant, Horace Weston, successfully had a spirit photograph taken by Mumler, leading Black to visit Mumler himself.
  • Mumler allowed Black to witness the entire process of taking a spirit photograph, including preparing the plate and developing the image.
  • Mumler's spirit photography faced skepticism and accusations of fraud, leading to a decline in his reputation and clientele.
  • Mumler was eventually arrested on charges of fraud and larceny, but was acquitted due to lack of evidence against him.
  • Despite the trial's toll on Mumler's reputation, he continued taking spirit photographs at a lower profile, relying on his wife's clairvoyant abilities and his own inventions.
  • Mumler's most famous photo was of Mary Todd Lincoln with the spirit of Abraham Lincoln behind her, taken in 1872.
  • Mumler's legacy as a spirit photographer was followed by other individuals like Edouard Isidore Buguet, Robert Boursnell, and William Hope, who faced accusations of fraud.
  • Sir David Brewster, known for his spirit photos for amusement, had a method involving a figure clothed in white briefly appearing behind the sitter, influencing Mumler's techniques.

29:05

Controversial spirit photographer sparks historical photography interest.

  • Mumler, despite claiming to capture real spirits in his photographs, is viewed by many as a possible con man who may have exploited grieving individuals for financial gain.
  • The Penumbra Foundation, led by Jeffrey Berliner, offers educational resources on historical photography, where individuals can learn to take such photos and preserve the heritage of photography, potentially leading to the creation of classes on the subject by interested parties like Jolene.
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