Structure of Atom : L-1 | Class 11 |π Shimon sir
Vedantu Master Tamilγ»2 minutes read
11th standard students have sessions on atoms, physics, and chemistry, focusing on topics like atomic structure, periodic table, chemical bonding, and laws of motion. Lectures cover the history of atomic theory, from Democritus to John Dalton, and experiments by JJ Thompson to discover the properties, charge, and mass of electrons.
Insights
- Dalton's atomic theory lacked explanations for isotopes and subatomic particles, highlighting its limitations in understanding atomic structure beyond the basic concept of indivisible atoms.
- JJ Thomson's experiments with cathode rays and the subsequent Millican oil drop experiment led to the discovery of the charge and mass of electrons, showcasing the experimental process that revolutionized our understanding of atomic particles.
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Recent questions
Who discovered electrons?
JJ Thomson
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Summary
00:00
"11th Grade Atoms: Structure, Exams, Lectures"
- Session for 11th standard students on the structure of atoms and lectures on physics and chemistry.
- Topics covered include motion in a straight line, motion in a plane, laws of motion, structure of atoms, periodic table, and chemical bonding.
- Quarterly exams scheduled for the first week of September.
- Encouragement for students to study regularly and utilize recorded lectures.
- Discussion on the history of atomic theory, starting with Democritus and John Dalton's atomic theory.
- Limitations of Dalton's atomic theory due to lack of explanation for isotopes and subatomic particles.
- Discovery of electrons by JJ Thomson through cathode ray experiments in 1897.
- Properties of cathode rays include straight-line travel, shadow formation, deflection in electric and magnetic fields, and heating effect.
- Charge of an electron is -1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs, and mass is 9.1 x 10^-31 kg.
- Process of determining charge-to-mass ratio and the subsequent discovery of the charge and mass of electrons.
42:58
Discovery of Electron Charge and Mass
- JJ Thompson conducted the Millican oil drop experiment to determine the mass-to-charge ratio of electrons by balancing the electric and magnetic fields, leading to the discovery of the value of e/m.
- Observations from the experiment included the higher deflection with increased negative charge magnitude, indicating a direct relationship between charge magnitude and deflection in both electric and magnetic fields.
- The charge of an electron was determined through Millikan's oil drop experiment, resulting in a mass of 9.1 x 10^-31 kg for the electron, showcasing the process of discovering the mass and charge of electrons through experimental methods.
