SOCIALISM IN EUROPE & RUSSIAN REVOLUTION in 1 Shot || FULL Chapter (THEORY+PYQs) || Class 9th SST
Physics Wallah Foundation・2 minutes read
Events in France had a significant impact across Europe, with leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocating for social change and challenging unchecked power. Social revolutions worldwide, alongside movements like socialism and nationalism, influenced societal development and economic growth, with notable impacts from the Russian Revolution and Stalin's regime extending globally.
Insights
- Social revolutions worldwide advocated against unchecked power and censorship, highlighting the importance of individual rights and societal change.
- The emergence of socialism and its spread in Europe, particularly in Russia, led to significant social unrest, revolutions, and the formation of socialist parties, impacting global socialist movements and political ideologies.
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Recent questions
What were the working conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
Workers faced long hours, poor sanitation, and harsh conditions.
What were the key ideologies of societal movements in Europe?
Socialism and nationalism movements influenced societal change.
How did the Russian Revolution impact the country?
The Russian Revolution led to social unrest and political change.
What were the main causes of the 1905 Revolution in Russia?
The 1905 Revolution was triggered by worker demands and social inequality.
How did the Bolsheviks consolidate power in Russia?
The Bolsheviks nationalized banks, redistributed land, and faced opposition.
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Summary
00:00
Impactful events and social change in Europe.
- In France, events have a significant impact that reverberates across Europe.
- Leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Henry Rosia raised the concept of social change.
- Different social revolutions occurred worldwide, advocating against unchecked power and censorship.
- The Constitution ensures freedom of the press and protection against censorship.
- Raja Maharaja believed in individual effort and labor over royal patronage.
- Working hours in industries were excessively long, up to 15 hours a day.
- Industrialization brought new cities, towns, and railways, marking the onset of the Industrial Revolution.
- Women, children, and men worked in factories, facing poor working conditions and sanitation issues.
- Liberals, radicals, and conservatives had differing views on societal change and individual rights.
- Socialism and nationalism movements spread across Europe, impacting countries like Italy, Germany, Greece, and Russia.
13:14
"Workforce, socialism, and economic development discussed"
- Importing water for business is questioned, emphasizing the importance of labor and workforce in economic transactions.
- The significance of a well-functioning workforce is highlighted, ensuring timely access to water, food, medicine, and sanitation.
- Fit and healthy workers are more productive, leading to increased production in factories and industries.
- Encouragement of true effort and labor is advocated to boost the economy and support the workforce.
- The text discusses the roles of Liberals, Radicals, and Nationalists in societal development and economic growth.
- The importance of freedom in work and education is emphasized for societal progress.
- Movement and investment opportunities for the business class are crucial for economic growth and societal development.
- The text delves into the emergence of socialism in Europe, focusing on the redistribution of wealth and property for societal equality.
- Various socialist ideologies are explored, including cooperation, corporation, and community control of property.
- Efforts to spread socialism in Europe through organizations like the Second International and the formation of socialist parties and trade unions are detailed.
26:33
Christianity, Russia's economy, and socialist movements.
- Christianity was the predominant religion in Europe, with Catholics and Protestants being well-known sects.
- Various religions, including Muslims, Buddhists, and old-minded Christians, were part of Christianity.
- Russia's economy was primarily based on agriculture, with 85% of the population engaged in farming.
- Industrialization in Russia began in limited areas like St. Petersburg and Moscow, with craftsmen being the main workforce.
- The expansion of railways in 1890 led to increased foreign investment and industrial growth in Russia.
- The industrial sector in Russia saw significant growth, with coal production doubling and railway infrastructure expanding.
- Labor conditions in Russian factories were monitored by inspectors, with a minimum wage and working hours being regulated.
- Migration of people from villages to cities led to social divisions based on skill levels and gender in the industrial workforce.
- Peasants in Russia demanded land redistribution from nobles and rich landowners, leading to social unrest and strikes.
- The socialist movement gained momentum among peasants in Russia, leading to the formation of the Russian Socialist Democratic Party and the 1905 Revolution against the Czar.
39:42
"Factory workers demand change, sparking revolution"
- Tomorrow, fewer people in their 40s will be visible.
- A reduction in salary led to savings being affected.
- 20 associations will decrease.
- People formed groups demanding action against the government.
- A factory named Pulo Iron Work was involved.
- Four people were fired from the factory, leading to a strike.
- 1100 people reached the capital, St. Petersburg, with demands.
- Workers were required to work for 15 hours under specific conditions.
- A commode broke, causing water issues.
- Father Gapon led 10,000 factory workers to the Winter Palace, resulting in Bloody Sunday and the start of the 1905 revolution.
52:48
"Communist Party Sparks Revolution in Petrogate"
- Bol Shik Party changed its name to Communist Party to bring about quick change.
- Worker movement spread as workers started going on strike in Petrogate.
- Provisional Government faced opposition from workers and landowners.
- Lenin called for the distribution of land among farmers in Petrogate.
- Petrogate Soviet was organized to come into power and contest elections.
- Bolsheviks nationalized banks, declared land social property, and promoted equality.
- Bolsheviks faced opposition from the Constituent Assembly and conservatives.
- Civil war erupted as Bolsheviks faced resistance from non-Bolsheviks and foreign supporters.
- Bolsheviks implemented collectivization to increase agricultural production.
- Stalin enforced collectivization to modernize farming and increase crop yield.
01:06:24
Stalin's policies spark global socialist movements.
- Due to crop failure in 3 out of 33 years, resulting in 4 million deaths, farmers were unwilling to work at low rates, leading to mass killings.
- Stalin's collectivization policies and political purges resulted in the imprisonment and death of millions, sparking opposition and international socialist movements.
- The impact of the Russian Revolution and Stalin's regime extended globally, influencing socialist parties in Europe, the formation of the Communist Party, and the recognition of socialism during World War II.
