SOCIALISM IN EUROPE AND THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION | Class 9 History Chapter 2 #class9 #socialscience

CBSE Class 9 Topper・2 minutes read

Shubham Pathak hosts a YouTube channel focused on studying Class Ninth SST and biology, with detailed explanations and free NCERT notes, covering topics like the French Revolution and Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution. The chapter aims to go beyond exams and emphasize long-term retention, highlighting significant figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Karl Marx, tracing the rise of socialism and its impact on various revolutions.

Insights

Shubham Pathak runs a YouTube channel dedicated to helping students with Class Ninth SST and biology, offering strategies, study tips, and detailed explanations through slides and free NCERT notes.
The chapter on Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution is particularly challenging for students, emphasizing the importance of understanding class ninth history thoroughly.
The Russian Revolution, encompassing the February and October Revolutions, led to significant changes in Russia, with Lenin's Bolshevik Party toppling the Provisional Government and establishing a new government, leading to the formation of the USSR.
Socialism emerged as a response to poor working conditions during the Industrial Revolution, advocating for collective ownership, worker rights, and societal welfare, with key figures like Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels promoting communism as a means to abolish capitalism and create a communal society.

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Recent questions

What is the focus of CBSE Class Nine Topper Channel?
SST and biology
What are the key ideologies post-French Revolution?
Liberals, radicals, conservatives
What were the living conditions during the Industrial Revolution?
Poor, unsanitary, health issues
What is the concept of socialism?
Collective ownership, societal welfare
What were the key events of the Russian Revolution?
February, October Revolutions

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Summary

00:00

CBSE Class Nine Topper Channel: SST & Biology

Shubham Pathak hosts the CBSE Class Nine Topper Channel focusing on Class Ninth SST and biology.
The channel covers topics like Pay Class Barber Strategy, shorts, and study tips.
Subjects discussed include the French Revolution, physical features of India, and Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution.
The chapter on Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution is complex and challenging for students.
The importance of understanding every line in class ninth history is emphasized.
The chapter aims to be memorable beyond exams, ensuring long-term retention.
Detailed explanations are provided through slides, with free notes from NCERT available in the description box.
The French Revolution brought lessons of freedom and equality to the world.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy is highlighted as a significant social reformer influenced by the French Revolution.
Different political ideologies emerged post-revolution, including liberals, radicals, and conservatives, each with distinct beliefs and goals.

12:38

"Europe's Industrial Revolution: Workers' Struggle for Rights"

In Europe during the Industrial Revolution, many people faced poor conditions, unemployment, and poverty, leading to migration from villages to cities.
Workers lived in slums due to financial constraints, lacking proper sanitation and facing health issues.
Liberal and radical individuals were concerned about the plight of workers and aimed to improve their conditions.
Industries were primarily owned by the wealthy, leading to calls for worker rights and better treatment.
Liberal and radical groups organized rallies and movements to advocate for worker rights and better living conditions.
The concept of socialism emerged, focusing on collective ownership of property and societal welfare over individual profit.
Socialists believed in sharing resources and forming cooperative communities to benefit all members of society.
Socialism evolved into capitalism, with a focus on eliminating private property and promoting collective ownership.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels advocated for communism, aiming to abolish capitalism and establish a communal society.
Socialism gained popularity in Europe, leading to the formation of political parties and organizations advocating for worker rights and better conditions.

27:28

"Socialism's Rise and Revolution in Russia"

The Labor Party in Britain is significant, representing socialism and its gradual spread in politics.
Despite the onset of World War I in 1914, socialism did not dominate the government.
Socialist leaders gained power in various countries through elections, indicating a slow but steady rise of socialism.
The Russian Revolution comprised the February and October Revolutions, leading to significant changes in Russia.
Russia was ruled by a tsar, with the majority following Russian Orthodox Christianity.
The Russian Empire included various countries, with a strong emphasis on farming and grain production.
Industrialization in Russia began to grow, with workers transitioning from craft units to factories.
Workers in factories faced exploitation, with long working hours and disparities in pay based on the type of work.
Worker associations were formed to support each other, leading to strikes and unity among workers.
Farmers in Russia differed from those in Europe due to the unique social structure and land ownership patterns.

40:37

Russian Farmers' Struggle for Land Ownership

Russian farmers are very religious and believe that land should belong to those who work on it.
Landlords in Russia did not farm their lands, leading to tensions with farmers who believed they should own the land they work on.
Russian farmers adopted socialist principles, believing in equal profit-sharing based on labor.
The Social Democratic Workers Party was formed in 1891, advocating for workers' rights and better working conditions.
Lenin, a key figure in the party, emphasized the importance of workers in the party and advocated for a revolution.
The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, focused on worker membership in the party and were more radical in their approach to revolution.
In 1905, a revolution in Russia was sparked by economic hardships, including food shortages and high inflation.
Workers demanded better working conditions, higher wages, and reduced working hours, leading to strikes and protests.
Father Gapon led a strike of 110,000 workers in front of the king's palace, resulting in a violent confrontation where hundreds were killed.
The revolution of 1905 in Russia was a significant event that highlighted the growing discontent among workers and set the stage for further political upheaval.

54:18

Unrest in Russia: From Bloody Sunday to War

Bloody Sunday in Russia led to widespread protests and unhappiness due to lack of parliament and constitution.
Initially, only workers participated in protests, but soon doctors, lawyers, and students joined in.
The demand of the protesters was the formation of a parliament, known as Duma in Russian.
The king eventually agreed to hold Duma elections to satisfy the protesters.
Political parties were formed, and the king warned against any actions that threatened his power.
The first Duma was dissolved by the king, leading to the formation of subsequent parliaments.
The third Duma was filled with supporters of the king, causing anger and resentment among the people.
The Russian Empire entered World War I, with Russia initially winning battles and the people supporting the king.
As the war continued, casualties increased, industries suffered, and food shortages led to rising prices.
Women began attacking bread shops due to the scarcity of food, reflecting the worsening conditions in Russia during the war.

01:10:46

"Russian Revolution: Fall of Monarchy, Rise of Bolsheviks"

Russia faced turmoil post-World War I, with the king and queen facing public anger.
The revolution in Russia was centered around the city of St. Petersburg, with significant unrest against the monarchy.
The Neva River divided the city, with stark differences in development and living conditions on either side.
The February Revolution of 1917 was sparked by a factory lockout and subsequent worker protests.
The king's response to the protests escalated tensions, leading to the dissolution of the parliament.
The Petrograd Soviet emerged as a temporary governing body after the king's abdication.
Lenin returned to Russia in April 1917 and presented his April Thesis for reform.
Lenin's Bolshevik Party gained support, leading to widespread worker and soldier protests.
The Bolsheviks clashed with the Provisional Government, eventually toppling it in the October Revolution.
The October Revolution marked the shift of power to the Bolsheviks and the establishment of a new government in Russia.

01:23:02

"Bolshevik Revolution: Rise to Power and Victory"

In September, discussions began about supporting the government against Uprise Arising, indicating a forthcoming Bolshevik revolution.
Lenin's supporters, including those in the army and trade unions, were involved in the plan to overthrow the government.
The Military Revolution Committee (MRC) was formed under Lenin's leadership to plan and execute the revolution.
The revolution commenced on October 24th, 1917, with the Bolsheviks taking control of Petrograd and the Provisional Government.
The Bolsheviks used a ship named Aurora to seize the Winter Palace, toppling the Provisional Government.
Following the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks gained control of the entire Russian Empire, dominating the All Russian Congress.
Lenin fulfilled his promises by redistributing land to farmers and abolishing old titles and banks.
Lenin's actions led to the formation of a one-party system in Russia, with the suppression of political parties and the establishment of the Cheka secret police.
Civil war erupted due to opposition to Lenin's policies, with conflicts between conservative, white, green, and red factions.
By 1920, the Bolsheviks emerged victorious in the civil war, leading to the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and granting political autonomy to various regions.

01:40:30

Lenin and Stalin's Soviet Reforms and Oppression.

Lenin's government initiated the distribution of land, providing farmers with land and implementing redistricting.
Centralized administration was established, replacing local governments with lodges in major cities throughout the USSR.
Five-year planning was introduced, involving leaders of the Communist Party and government ministers in comprehensive planning sessions.
Adult schooling was implemented, allowing factory workers to attend night schools, improving the education system.
Public healthcare was enhanced, transitioning from expensive private hospitals to affordable government-run healthcare facilities.
Factories were constructed, along with model living quarters for workers, improving living conditions for some but not all.
Stalin succeeded Lenin and implemented collectivization, targeting rich farmers (kulaks) to address food shortages.
Collectivization involved forcing kulaks to sell grains to the government at reasonable prices, leading to resistance from farmers.
The forced collectivization resulted in a severe drought from 1930 to 1933, causing the deaths of 40 lakh people due to food shortages.
Stalin's harsh rule led to widespread fear and oppression, with many dissenters being jailed, killed, or forced into labor camps, creating a climate of terror in Russia.

01:54:16

Equitable welfare schemes rooted in socialist ideology.

Government train tickets have a fee, albeit less than private tickets; the concept of welfare schemes for various marginalized groups, such as widows, people with disabilities, and transgenders, is rooted in the socialist ideology of ensuring equitable benefits for all citizens, not just the wealthy, with caution against misusing ideologies like socialism for personal or harmful agendas.

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