Saturnalia

Recent questions

• What was the significance of Saturnalia in ancient Rome?

  Saturnalia was a major Roman festival lasting from December 17th to December 23rd during the Imperial Period. It was a time when social norms were temporarily overturned, symbolizing social equality. Participants wore plain tunics and a special leather cap, engaging in various festivities to honor the god Saturn.

• How did Saturnalia commence each year?

  Saturnalia began with the removal of wool wrappings from a hollow statue of Saturn, filled with olive oil. This act symbolized the start of the festival and was followed by a sacrifice performed by a priest at the Temple to Saturn. The Roman Senate then carried a wooden statue of Saturn to the forum to mark the beginning of the celebrations.

• What were the main activities during Saturnalia?

  Saturnalia was a time of feasting, gladiatorial games, and parties that continued into the night. The greeting "Io, Saturnalia" was commonly exchanged, and a Saturnalicius Princeps was selected to lead the festivities. The festival also featured gambling, gift exchanges, and door-to-door visits, making it a joyous and lively event.

• How did people prepare for Saturnalia?

  In preparation for Saturnalia, people engaged in gift exchanges and personalized notes, creating a sense of anticipation and excitement leading up to the festival. December was a month of preparation, with individuals expected to participate in the tradition of giving gifts and spreading joy to others.

• What was the attire required during Saturnalia?

  Participants in Saturnalia were required to wear plain tunics and a special leather cap, setting aside their usual attire to symbolize social equality during the festival. This dress code was a significant aspect of the event, emphasizing the temporary overturning of social norms and hierarchies in ancient Rome.