Power Sharing Class 10 Social Science | CBSE Class 10 Civics (Ch-1) | CBSE Class 10 Boards | BYJU'S

BYJU'S - Class 9 & 10・2 minutes read

The session covers the importance of power sharing in civics classes, using case studies from Sri Lanka and Belgium to highlight the impact of different approaches on social harmony and conflict resolution. Power sharing through horizontal and vertical divisions is shown to reduce conflict and ensure equal representation, contrasting the peace in Belgium with the civil war in Sri Lanka due to majoritarian policies.

Insights

  • Power sharing through horizontal and vertical divisions, as seen in Belgium and India, prevents conflicts by ensuring different groups have a stake in governance, promoting peace and development.
  • Majoritarianism, exemplified by Sri Lanka's history, can lead to social unrest and civil war when the majority community dominates, neglecting minority rights and fueling tensions based on language, religion, and preferential treatment.

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Recent questions

  • What is the concept of power sharing?

    Power sharing is the distribution of power to prevent concentration in one hand.

  • What led to conflict in Sri Lanka?

    Majoritarian measures and discriminatory policies fueled tensions.

  • How did Belgium prevent civil conflict?

    Belgium ensured equal representation of language communities in governance.

  • Why is power sharing considered desirable?

    Power sharing reduces conflict and ensures citizen participation.

  • What are the benefits of power sharing?

    Power sharing promotes stability, inclusivity, and diverse representation.

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Summary

00:00

"Engaging Civics Class: Power Sharing Explained"

  • The session begins with greetings and excitement, with interactions with viewers.
  • The topic of the session is introduced as a civics class for grades 9 to 10.
  • The importance of learning all subjects well is emphasized.
  • The launch of separate channels for different grades is mentioned, encouraging viewers to subscribe.
  • A comparison is made between the current academic year and the previous one in terms of timing and preparation.
  • The chapter for the day is revealed to be on power sharing in civics.
  • The concept of power sharing is explained as the distribution of power to prevent concentration in one hand.
  • The chapter is divided into three sub-topics, starting with case studies of Sri Lanka and Belgium.
  • Details about Sri Lanka's social divisions based on language and religion are provided.
  • The conflict between Sinhala and Tamil-speaking populations in Sri Lanka due to differential treatment is highlighted.

16:41

Majoritarianism in Sri Lanka and Belgium: Consequences

  • Majoritarianism is the belief that the majority community should rule a country as they wish, disregarding minority needs.
  • In Sri Lanka, majoritarian measures led to conflict, starting with declaring Sinhala as the only official language in 1956.
  • The new constitution favored Buddhism, causing discontent among non-Buddhist communities.
  • Preferential treatment for Sinhala speakers in job opportunities further fueled tensions between Sinhalese and Tamils.
  • Sri Lankan Tamils launched struggles against insensitive political parties and discriminatory policies.
  • Demands for Tamil recognition as an official language, equality of opportunity, and regional autonomy escalated.
  • By the 1980s, political organizations sought a separate Tamil state, leading to civil war in Sri Lanka.
  • Civil war between Sinhala and Tamil communities resulted in thousands of casualties and refugees.
  • In Belgium, an ethnic divide based on language existed, with Dutch speakers in Flanders and French speakers in Wallonia.
  • The Belgian government's accommodation policy ensured equal representation of Dutch and French speakers in governance, preventing civil conflict.

32:26

Belgium's Language-Based Community Government System

  • Community government in Belgium is elected by language communities, allowing Dutch, French, or German-speaking people to vote regardless of their location.
  • Community governments handle cultural, educational, and language-related issues to address social group differences.
  • Power sharing in Belgium has led to peace and development, contrasting with the conflict in Sri Lanka due to the lack of power sharing.
  • Power sharing is desirable as a prudential and moral decision to reduce conflict and ensure all citizens have a stake in the system.
  • Forms of power sharing include horizontal division among government organs, ensuring checks and balances.
  • Vertical division of power involves central, state, and local governments sharing power in a federal system like India.
  • Power sharing among social groups allows different groups to come to power, seen in reserved seats in India's parliament.
  • Power sharing among political parties, pressure groups, and movements influences government actions, seen in coalition governments representing various ideologies.
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