PHYL 142 | Digestive | Gastric Pits - Pepsin & Gastrin
Anatomy & Physiology with Dr. J・7 minutes read
Pepsinogen converts into pepsin with hydrochloric acid in the stomach, aiding in the digestion of proteins. Gastrin hormone secreted by G cells stimulates stomach motility, acid and enzyme production, and assists in digestion, leading to efficient digestion in the stomach.
Insights
- Pepsinogen requires hydrochloric acid to transform into the active enzyme pepsin, crucial for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids.
- G cells release gastrin in the stomach, boosting stomach activity by increasing motility, acid and enzyme production, and aiding in both physical and chemical digestion.
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Recent questions
What is pepsinogen?
Pepsinogen is a precursor protein that requires hydrochloric acid to transform into the active enzyme pepsin, responsible for breaking down proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids.
What is the role of G cells in the stomach?
G cells in the stomach secrete the hormone gastrin, which enhances stomach motility, stimulates acid and enzyme production, and improves both physical and chemical digestion processes.
What happens during the cephalic phase of gastric activity?
The cephalic phase involves the anticipation of food, triggering signals to the parasympathetic nervous system and the vagus nerve to increase mucus, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and gastrin production in preparation for a meal.
What occurs in the gastric phase of digestion?
In the gastric phase, mixing waves in the stomach contract muscle layers to mix food with stomach acid, while also producing enzymes, acids, and gastrin to aid in digestion.
What characterizes the intestinal phase of stomach digestion?
The intestinal phase marks the end of stomach digestion, as broken-down food moves to the intestines, regulated by gastrin and influenced by barrel receptors detecting stretch and pressure, chemoreceptors monitoring pH levels, and gastric churning involving coordinated muscle contractions for efficient digestion.
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Summary
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Stomach Digestion: From Pepsinogen to Intestines
- Pepsinogen is a precursor protein that needs to react with hydrochloric acid to become the active enzyme pepsin, which is a protease that digests proteins into smaller peptides or amino acids.
- G cells secrete the hormone gastrin in the stomach, which increases stomach motility, stimulates the production of acids and enzymes, and enhances both physical and chemical digestion in the stomach.
- The cephalic phase of gastric activity involves the anticipation of food, where signals are sent to the parasympathetic nervous system and the vagus nerve to increase the production of mucus, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and gastrin in preparation for a meal.
- During the gastric phase, mixing waves in the stomach contract multiple layers of muscle to mash up food with stomach acid, while continuing to produce enzymes, acids, and gastrin to aid in digestion.
- The intestinal phase marks the completion of stomach digestion, as the stomach moves the broken-down food to the intestines, regulated by gastrin and influenced by barrel receptors detecting stretch and pressure, chemoreceptors monitoring pH levels, and gastric churning involving the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscle layers for efficient digestion.
