Pharmacology: Respiratory Drugs
Nexus Nursing・2 minutes read
The respiratory tract is divided into upper and lower sections, with ventilation controlled by the CNS and involving the diaphragm and intercostals. Conditions like asthma, COPD, and pneumonia affect the lungs, requiring treatments like deep breathing exercises, oxygen delivery, and drug interventions to manage symptoms.
Insights
- Ventilation in the respiratory system is controlled by the CNS, involving muscles like the diaphragm and intercostals, distinct from respiration at the alveolar level.
- Surfactant in fetal lungs is crucial for expansion, as its deficiency can lead to respiratory distress syndrome, hindering gas exchange and air intake.
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Recent questions
What are the key components of the upper respiratory tract?
The upper respiratory tract consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea. These structures play a crucial role in the initial stages of breathing and oxygen intake.
How is ventilation controlled in the respiratory system?
Ventilation is controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) and involves the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, and abdominal muscles. The brain sends signals to regulate breathing, distinguishing it from the process of respiration.
What are some common conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract?
Common conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract include the common cold, seasonal rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, and atelectasis. These conditions can result from various factors such as infections, allergens, and structural issues.
Why is surfactant important for fetal lung development?
Surfactant is essential for fetal lung expansion as it lowers surface tension in the alveoli, allowing for proper gas exchange. Lack of surfactant can lead to respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants due to difficulties in lung expansion and air intake.
How do antihistamines affect the respiratory system?
Antihistamines work by blocking the release of histamine, which can narrow airways and cause respiratory symptoms. These medications are commonly used to manage allergies and allergic reactions that affect the respiratory tract.
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