OCR B SALTERS (EL) Atomic Structure REVISION
Allery Chemistry・21 minutes read
The video covers the atomic structure topic for OCR B Salters, including the nucleus, electrons, periodic table, historical models, electron configurations, and ion formation. It also discusses nuclear fusion, supernovae explosions, and the arrangement of electrons in orbitals with examples like calcium and iron.
Insights
- The video serves as a valuable revision tool for OCR B Salters' atomic structure, offering slides for purchase to enhance studying.
- Understanding the atom's composition, historical development, electron configurations, and ion formation is crucial, showcasing the evolution from Dalton's atom spheres to Bohr's fixed energy shells and the utilization of noble gas symbols for electron configuration simplification.
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Recent questions
What are the components of an atom?
Protons, neutrons, electrons.
Who proposed the fixed energy shells for electrons?
Niels Bohr.
What is nuclear fusion?
Forcing two nuclei together to form heavier elements.
How do electrons fill orbitals in an atom?
From lowest to highest energy levels.
How are ions formed in atoms?
By removing or adding electrons.
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Summary
00:00
"Atomic Structure: Nucleus, Electrons, Periodic Table"
- The video is a revision resource for OCR B Salters' atomic structure topic.
- Slides used in the video are available for purchase to aid in revision.
- The atom is very small, with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, and electrons in shells orbiting it.
- Protons have a relative charge of +1 and a mass of 1, neutrons have no charge and a mass of 1, while electrons have a charge of -1 and a very small mass.
- The periodic table shows the mass number (protons and neutrons) and atomic number (protons) of elements.
- The history of the atom's development includes John Dalton's atom spheres, JJ Thompson's plum pudding model, and Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus.
- Niels Bohr proposed fixed energy shells for electrons, leading to the quantum model with subshells.
- Nuclear fusion involves forcing two nuclei together to form heavier elements, common in the Sun.
- Larger stars can fuse nuclei to form elements like oxygen and silicon, leading to supernovae explosions.
- Electron configurations show the arrangement of electrons in shells and subshells, with different shapes for orbitals like S and P.
14:32
Electron Configuration and Ion Formation Simplified
- Electron configuration is represented by arrows going up and down, with the sum of the numbers indicating the total electrons in the element.
- Electrons fill orbitals from lowest to highest energy levels, with single occupancy before pairing due to electron repulsion, akin to people choosing seats on a bus.
- When removing electrons to form ions, start from the highest energy level, as shown in the example of calcium losing two electrons from the 4s orbital to become Ca2+.
- Noble gas symbols can be used to shorten electron configurations, as seen in the example of potassium's configuration being represented by [Ar]4s1.
- Transition metals like iron lose electrons differently, with Fe3+ losing three electrons from the 4s and 3d orbitals, resulting in a new electron configuration.
