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NOMENCLATURE in 102 Minutes | Full Chapter Revision | Class 11th JEE

JEE Wallah・100 minutes read

The text explains the concept of degrees in chemistry, focusing on carbon, hydrogen, alcohol, and amines, detailing how their connections determine their degrees. It also delves into alkyl groups, unsaturation in molecules, naming conventions for organic compounds, and the importance of functional groups in naming compounds, providing detailed examples and guidelines for each aspect.

Insights

  • The degree of carbon, hydrogen, and alcohol in organic compounds is determined by the number of connections they have, with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary classifications based on these connections.
  • The formation of alkyl groups, such as secondary and tertiary alkyl groups, is crucial in organic chemistry, involving the removal of specific hydrogen atoms to create distinct structures named based on the hydrogen removal process.
  • Naming organic compounds follows specific rules, including prioritizing functional groups, multiple bonds, longest chain, and substituents, with IUPAC nomenclature emphasizing the identification of the first point of difference and alphabetical ordering of substituents for clarity and consistency.

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Recent questions

  • How is the degree of carbon determined?

    By the number of carbons it is attached to.

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Summary

00:00

Determining Carbon and Hydrogen Degrees in Chemistry

  • The degree of carbon is determined by the number of carbons it is attached to.
  • The degree of alcohol is decided by the carbon it is connected to.
  • The degree of carbon can be one, two, three, or more based on the number of carbons attached.
  • The concept of primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons is explained.
  • The degree of hydrogen is determined by the carbon it is attached to.
  • Hydrogen's degree is equivalent to the carbon's degree it is connected to.
  • The number of hydrogens on a carbon can help determine its degree.
  • The process of calculating the degrees of carbon and hydrogen is detailed.
  • The relationship between the degrees of carbon and hydrogen is crucial in determining their individual degrees.
  • The method of calculating the degrees of carbon and hydrogen is simplified for easy understanding.

11:59

Degrees in Chemistry: Hydrogen, Alcohol, Amines, Alkyl

  • The text discusses the concept of degrees in chemistry, particularly focusing on hydrogen and alcohol.
  • It explains that the degree of hydrogen is determined by its connection to carbon, with 2nd degree hydrogen being connected to carbon on two sides.
  • The text emphasizes the calculation of 2nd degree hydrogen numbers and mentions that 10 is the number of 2nd degree hydrogen.
  • It further delves into the degree of alcohol, stating that the degree is decided by the carbon it is attached to, with 1st degree alcohol being connected to carbon on one side.
  • The text elaborates on the classification of amines based on their connection to carbon, with primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines being discussed.
  • It explains that the degree of amines is determined by the number of carbons they are connected to, with primary amines having one carbon connection and quaternary amines having four carbon connections.
  • The text provides examples to illustrate the concept of degrees in amines, showcasing primary, secondary, and tertiary amines based on their carbon connections.
  • It moves on to discuss the IUPAC nomenclature of alkyl groups derived from alkenes and alkynes, explaining the process of deriving alkyl groups from hydrocarbons.
  • The text highlights the classification of alkyl groups into normal alkyl groups, derived from removing primary hydrogen atoms, and provides examples like methyl and ethyl groups.
  • It concludes by emphasizing the classification of alkyl groups into normal alkyl groups, derived from removing primary hydrogen atoms, and provides examples like normal pentyl and normal butyl groups.

24:19

Formation of Alkyl Groups in Organic Chemistry

  • Secondary alkyl groups are formed by removing secondary hydrogen atoms from a molecule.
  • The resulting group is known as a secondary alkyl group.
  • The process involves removing specific hydrogen atoms to create the secondary alkyl group.
  • The secondary alkyl group is named based on the structure after hydrogen removal.
  • The formation of secondary alkyl groups is crucial in organic chemistry.
  • Tertiary alkyl groups are formed by removing tertiary hydrogen atoms from a molecule.
  • The resulting group is known as a tertiary alkyl group.
  • The process involves removing specific hydrogen atoms to create the tertiary alkyl group.
  • The tertiary alkyl group is named based on the structure after hydrogen removal.
  • Understanding the formation of alkyl groups is essential in organic chemistry.

37:08

Calculating Unsaturation in Organic Compounds

  • A compound with six carbons is discussed, with a clear mention of hydrogen requirements.
  • The compound is identified as C3H6, potentially forming C3H8.
  • The degree of unsaturation is calculated based on the compound's structure.
  • The process of determining unsaturation in molecules is explained.
  • The method to calculate the degree of unsaturation in molecules with halogens or nitrogen is detailed.
  • The steps to convert three-dimensional figures into open-chain alkanes are outlined.
  • The molecular formula of compounds with six carbons and six hydrogens is calculated.
  • The process of determining the degree of unsaturation in compounds with eight carbons is discussed.
  • The IUPAC nomenclature process for naming organic compounds is explained.
  • The concept of primary and secondary suffixes in naming organic compounds is clarified.

49:19

Naming Compounds: Prioritizing Functional Groups and Substituents

  • Functional groups like acids and alcohols exhibit specific properties
  • Secondary six is used after primary six in chemical compounds
  • Naming compounds involves following specific rules, starting with functional groups
  • Prioritize functional groups, then multiple bonds, longest chain, and substituents in naming compounds
  • Numbering in compounds is crucial, starting with the functional group and considering substituents
  • IUPAC naming involves identifying the first point of difference in compounds
  • Prioritize substituents in compounds based on alphabetical order
  • Bicyclic compounds prioritize the ring structure in naming
  • Primary prefixes like "silo" and "profile" are used in IUPAC nomenclature
  • Elkenes in IUPAC naming require indicating double bonds and their positions

01:01:36

Naming Organic Compounds: Guidelines and Examples

  • Band has to be given if it is not a functional group.
  • Priority is given to multiple closures in determining the longest chain.
  • Numbering is crucial in identifying the chain, with options to start from any side.
  • The six-carbon word root is significant in naming compounds.
  • Instructions on naming compounds based on chain length and functional groups are provided.
  • Criteria for naming compounds, especially in UPSC exams, are outlined.
  • Instructions on naming compounds with double and triple bonds are detailed.
  • Naming conventions for carboxylic acids, including alkane and aromatic compounds, are explained.
  • Naming conventions for sulfonic acids and their substitutes are clarified.
  • Instructions on naming carboxylic acid anhydrides and hydrides are provided, emphasizing the process of dehydration.

01:16:13

Naming Acids and Alkyl Groups Clearly

  • To write alphabetically in UPSC, follow the order in advance, ensuring the button remains the same.
  • If two acids are involved, the name will be determined alphabetically.
  • Form D by heating ethonic acid if mother takes both.
  • Different acids are named alphabetically, with the first name being the acid.
  • When naming an acid, consider the functional group and alkene.
  • Ester names are based on the alkyl group present.
  • Alkyl groups are determined by carbon counting.
  • Alkyl alkane is named based on the number of carbons present.
  • Alkyl alkane carboxylic acid is named according to the carbon count.
  • Prefixes are used to name functional groups like halides and nitriles.

01:31:39

Functional Group Naming in Organic Chemistry

  • Alkane is Button Sir Silo, with Bromo Matka on the second number of Silo button, named Tu Bromo.
  • Carbonitrile is written when carbon counting is not applicable, with sino acting as a substitute.
  • Isocyanide is discussed, emphasizing the prefix name iso and the impact of nitrogen attacks.
  • Aldehyde is explained, highlighting the n prefix and the naming process.
  • Alkene and Carbon Diode are detailed, focusing on functional groups and naming conventions.
  • Benzene is identified as alkane, with the example of Bromo Pentacle.
  • Alcohol is discussed, mentioning Hydroxy and N Substitute naming.
  • Amines are explained, detailing N-substituent and amino naming conventions.
  • Ether is described as the largest group, with Alkoxy and Epoxy naming examples provided.
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