Nervenzelle einfach erklärt: Aufbau & Funktion
Biologie - simpleclub・5 minutes read
Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system, with dendrites and axons facilitating communication through synapses. Axons, insulated by myelin sheaths, transmit signals between neurons, varying in length and diameter to form nerve fibers that enhance signal conduction speed.
Insights
- Neurons are made up of a cell body (peri carion) and dendrites that communicate with other neurons through synapses, while the axon transmits signals between neurons, some of which are insulated by myelin sheaths to increase signal conduction speed.
- Axons in neurons are responsible for transmitting signals and can vary greatly in length and diameter, forming nerve fibers when combined with myelin sheaths, ultimately accelerating the transmission of signals in the nervous system.
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Recent questions
What is the fundamental unit of the nervous system?
Neuron
What is the function of an axon in a neuron?
Signal transmission
How do myelin sheaths affect signal conduction speed?
Enhance speed
How many axons can a neuron have?
One
What are nerve fibers composed of?
Axons and myelin sheaths
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Summary
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Neurons: Nerve cell structure and function
- The nerve cell, or neuron, is the fundamental building block of the nervous system, consisting of a cell body called peri carion and extensions known as dendrites, which facilitate communication between neurons through synapses.
- The axon, a long extension of the cell body, acts as a signal transmitter from one neuron to another, with myelin sheaths insulating certain axons to enhance signal conduction speed through a process called saltatory excitation conduction.
- Neurons can have multiple dendrites but only one axon, with axon lengths in humans ranging from millimeters to meters, and diameters between one and 25 micrometers, forming nerve fibers when combined with myelin sheaths, which accelerate signal transmission.
