Living World Class 11 One Shot | CBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 NCERT

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The biodiversity of living organisms on Earth is studied through taxonomy, which involves grouping organisms based on characteristics, identification, naming, and classification. Understanding biodiversity and taxonomy is essential for research on ecology, evolution, and species categorization, with approximately 13 to 14 million species estimated on Earth, but only 1.7 to 1.8 million discovered so far.

Insights

  • The study of biodiversity through taxonomy is crucial for understanding the vast variety of species on Earth, with only a small fraction of the estimated 13 to 14 million species discovered so far. Taxonomy involves grouping organisms based on characteristics, identification, naming, and classification, providing a systematic approach to studying and categorizing living organisms for research on ecology and evolution.
  • Taxonomy, rooted in principles established by Carolus Linnaeus, utilizes methods like characterizing, identifying, naming, and classifying organisms to properly group new species and gain insights into their evolutionary history. The taxonomic hierarchy consists of seven mandatory categories, including Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species, with suffixes indicating the level of categorization. Understanding reproductive isolation and genetic barriers between species, as explained by Ernest Mayer, is essential in comprehending how distinct species are formed and classified within the biological world.

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Recent questions

  • What is biodiversity?

    Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth, encompassing all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms present in different ecosystems.

  • How many species are discovered on Earth?

    Approximately 1.7 to 1.8 million species have been discovered on Earth, but it is estimated that there are around 13 to 14 million species in total, indicating a vast amount of undiscovered biodiversity.

  • Why is taxonomy important?

    Taxonomy is crucial for grouping organisms based on characteristics, aiding in identification, naming, and classification. It helps in understanding the diversity of species for research on ecology and evolution.

  • What are the basic methods of taxonomy?

    The four fundamental methods of taxonomy include characterizing, identifying, naming, and classifying organisms. These methods are essential for properly grouping and studying different species.

  • What are the seven mandatory categories in taxonomy?

    The seven mandatory categories in taxonomy are Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. These categories help in organizing organisms based on similarities and forming a hierarchical classification system.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

"Exploring Biodiversity Through Taxonomy: A Guide"

  • Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth, with taxonomy being the science branch dealing with grouping organisms based on rules.
  • Taxonomy involves grouping organisms by characteristics, identification, naming, and classification.
  • The importance of studying biodiversity lies in understanding species for research on ecology and evolution.
  • There are approximately 13 to 14 million species on Earth, with only 1.7 to 1.8 million discovered so far.
  • Animals and plants make up the majority of discovered species, with insects and flowering plants being prominent.
  • Grouping organisms is essential for studying similarities and differences, aiding in understanding and categorization.
  • Taxonomy, a Greek word meaning arrangement and rules, uses principles established by Carolus Linnaeus for grouping organisms.
  • The four basic methods of taxonomy include characterizing, identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.
  • By following these methods, new species can be properly grouped and classified for study and understanding.
  • Understanding biodiversity through taxonomy helps in gaining knowledge about different species and their evolutionary history.

14:22

Organism Grouping: Taxonomy vs Systematics and Nomenclature

  • Four methods for grouping organisms: Characterization Identification, Nomen Culture, and Classification.
  • Two branches for grouping organisms: Taxonomy and Systematics.
  • Taxonomy and Systematics were once considered synonymous until G. Simpson differentiated them.
  • Systematics involves using CINC and four methods for grouping, along with phylojani for evolutionary history.
  • Taxonomy includes Character identification, nomenclature, and phylojani for grouping organisms.
  • Caspar Bohin proposed the use of Bano Mial Nomenclature for naming new species.
  • Carolus Linnaeus introduced principles of Bano Mial Nomenclature in his book "Systema Naturae" in 1753.
  • Bano Mial Nomenclature principles were given in the book "Philosophia Botanica" by Linnaeus in 1751.
  • Codes like IVN, ICBN, and ICVC are used for naming different organisms.
  • Rules for scientific names include being in Latin, italicized, defining genus and specific epithelium, and capitalizing the first letter of the genus.

31:37

Taxonomy: Categorizing Organisms Based on Similarities

  • Taxonomy involves categorizing organisms based on similarities, forming taxonomic categories.
  • Taxonomic categories are groups of organisms with similarities, not the overall taxonomy hierarchy.
  • The seven mandatory categories in taxonomy are Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
  • Suffixes are used to identify the category an organism falls into, such as Phyta and AE for Phylum or Division.
  • Examples like Angiospermae (Angiosperms) and Magnoliophyta (Angiosperms) showcase the use of suffixes for identification.
  • Intermediate categories like Superclass, Subdivision, and Tribe exist between main categories like Family and Genus.
  • Infra-specific categories like subspecies and variety exist below the species level in taxonomy.
  • Similarities between organisms decrease as you move up the taxonomic hierarchy, with Kingdom being the highest category and Species the lowest.
  • Species are defined as organisms that look similar, have similar structures, and can interbreed to produce offspring.
  • Reproductive isolation prevents different species from interbreeding, but exceptions can lead to infertile hybrids like mules from a donkey and horse mating.

47:59

Reproductive isolation leads to genetic divergence

  • Hybrids born from two different species may be infertile due to reproductive isolation, preventing gene flow between the species and creating genetically closed groups, as explained by Ernest Mayer. This concept is crucial in understanding biological classification and the formation of distinct species.
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