🧬 Les bases de la génétique
Sciences Nat'・10 minutes read
Genetics focuses on genetic information transmission between living beings like animals, plants, fungi, and micro-organisms, all of which are made up of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells with DNA stored in the nucleus, organized in pairs in chromosomes, each containing genes with different alleles expressing traits with dominance or recessiveness.
Insights
- Genetic information crucial for cell functioning is stored in the nucleus in the form of DNA, highlighting the fundamental role of DNA in genetic processes within living organisms.
- Alleles can exhibit dominance or recessiveness, impacting the expression of various traits, showcasing the complexity of genetic inheritance and the interplay between different versions of genes in determining observable characteristics.
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Recent questions
What is genetics?
Genetics is a branch of biology that focuses on genetic information and its transmission. It explores how traits are passed down from parents to offspring and how variations occur within populations.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells are cells found in animals and plants that have a nucleus. This nucleus houses the genetic material, DNA, which is essential for cell functioning. Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are condensed structures made of DNA that carry genetic information. In humans, chromosomes are organized in pairs in the karyotype. Each chromosome contains genes, which are segments of DNA that code for specific traits.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different versions of a gene that can influence the expression of traits. They can be dominant or recessive, affecting how a particular trait is manifested in an individual. For example, alleles for eye color can determine whether someone has blue, brown, or green eyes.
How do alleles affect traits?
Alleles can exhibit dominance or recessiveness, impacting how traits are expressed in an individual. For traits like eye color, earlobe shape, and blood groups, the combination of alleles inherited from parents determines the specific characteristics that an individual will have. Dominant alleles will be expressed over recessive alleles in certain cases, influencing the observable traits in an organism.
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Summary
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Genetics: DNA, Alleles, and Inheritance Basics
- Genetics is a branch of biology focusing on genetic information and its transmission.
- All living beings on Earth belong to different categories like animals, plants, fungi, and micro-organisms, all composed of cells.
- Eukaryotic cells, found in animals and plants, have a nucleus, while prokaryotes lack a nucleus.
- Genetic information crucial for cell functioning is stored in the nucleus in the form of DNA.
- Chromosomes, condensed DNA, carry genetic information and are organized in pairs in the human karyotype.
- Each chromosome contains genes, with each gene having different versions called alleles.
- Alleles can exhibit dominance or recessiveness, affecting the expression of traits like eye color, earlobe shape, and blood groups.
