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LAST LECTURE - 8 Quit India Movement | Modern History By Parmar SSC |

Parmar SSC Videos・87 minutes read

The Quit India Movement was a significant turning point in India's struggle for independence, stemming from various events and ideologies from early movements like the Civil Disobedience Movement to the clash between leaders like Gandhi and Bose. Bose's radical approach and Gandhi's emphasis on gradual progress shaped the movement, ultimately leading to India's independence in 1947 through various events like the August Offer, Cripps Mission, and the Indian Independence Act of 1947.

Insights

  • The Quit India Movement, initiated in 1942, arose from the rejection of the August Offer and was characterized by leaderless actions, underground activities, and regional parallel governments, with significant support from the Muslim League for its own reasons.
  • Subhash Chandra Bose's leadership, marked by slogans like "Delhi Chalo" and the formation of the Indian National Army, culminated in his mysterious death in 1945, raising questions about his demise and leaving a lasting impact on the Indian freedom movement.
  • The Indian Independence Act of 1947 facilitated the transfer of power to India and Pakistan, with the Shimla Agreement of 1971 aiming to maintain peaceful relations post the India-Pakistan war, while Gandhiji's assassination by Nathuram Godse underscored the enduring impact of his principles and quotes, such as "be the change you wish to see in the world."

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Recent questions

  • When did the Quit India Movement start?

    1942

  • Who led the Indian National Army?

    Subhash Chandra Bose

  • What was the outcome of the August Offer?

    Rejected by Congress

  • Who was the first chairman of the National Planning Committee?

    Jawaharlal Nehru

  • What was the significance of the Puna Pact?

    Signed between Gandhi and Ambedkar

Related videos

Summary

00:00

"Key Events in Indian Independence Movement"

  • Lecture on Quit India Movement in modern history
  • Civil Disobedience Movement restarted in 1931
  • Second Round Table Conference in London with Gandhi and Congress
  • Ramsay MacDonald introduced Communal Award
  • Separate electorates for different classes
  • All India Untouchability League formed in Yerwada Jail
  • Harijan weekly journal coined by Gandhi
  • Puna Pact signed in 1932 between Gandhi and Ambedkar
  • Government of India Act 1935 introduced bicameral legislature
  • Congress won majority in 1937 elections in Bengal, Assam, Punjab, Sindh, and NWFP

14:35

Bose's Aggressive Leadership in Indian Independence

  • The first session held in a village was in 1937, followed by the 1938 session in Haripura with Subhash Chandra Bose as President.
  • Elections for the presidency were held, with Bose emerging victorious due to his radical and aggressive nature.
  • Gandhiji believed in building momentum gradually, unlike immediate action, to achieve goals like the Quit India Movement.
  • In 1939, World War II began, prompting Bose to advocate for immediate action against the British for India's freedom and economic progress.
  • The National Planning Committee was formed in 1938, with Jawaharlal Nehru as its first chairman, focusing on economic planning for India's development.
  • In the 1939 session, Bose was re-elected as President, leading to a clash with Gandhiji over immediate action against the British.
  • Gandhiji represented Sita Ramaiya against Bose, resulting in Bose's victory and Gandhiji's acceptance of the outcome.
  • Bose's differing opinions led to his resignation from Congress, forming the All India Forward Bloc party to continue his fight for India's independence.
  • The August Offer in 1940 proposed dominion status for India, rejected by Congress in favor of complete independence.
  • Individual Satyagraha was launched in response to the August Offer, with Vinoba Bhave and Jawaharlal Nehru as the first Satyagrahis, leading to increased pressure on Britain and the Cripps Mission in 1942 offering dominion status, which was rejected by Congress.

27:49

"Quit India Movement: Leaders, Actions, Impact"

  • The Quit India Resolution was adopted in response to the Quit India Movement in 1942.
  • The movement started in reaction to the Cripps Mission, which began in 1942.
  • Gandhiji instructed individuals to engage in Satyagraha during the Quit India Movement.
  • Leaders were arrested on the first day of the movement, making it leaderless.
  • Aruna Asaf Ali chaired the Congress Working Committee during the movement.
  • Parallel governments were established regionally, led by individuals like YB Chauhan and Nana Patil.
  • Underground activities, including an underground radio in Bombay, were initiated during the movement.
  • The Muslim League supported the Quit India Movement for its own reasons, leading to Pakistan Day on March 23, 1943.
  • Attempts at reconciliation between the Muslim League and Congress failed, leading to the Desai Liaqat Pact and the Wavell Plan in 1944.
  • Subhash Chandra Bose led the Indian National Army, formed in 1942, with support from Japan and interactions with Hitler in 1942.

43:15

"Subhash Chandra Bose and India's Independence"

  • Britain dominated Japan during World War II, leading to the renaming of Andaman Nicobar islands by Subhash Chandra Bose to Shaheed Dweep and Swaraj Dweep.
  • Subhash Chandra Bose's slogan "Delhi Chalo" inspired the Indian National Army, which surrendered after Japan's defeat on August 15th, 1945.
  • Bose's mysterious death on August 18th, 1945, in Air Pale Crush, Vietnam, raised questions about his demise.
  • Bose's iconic slogans "Give me blood, I will give you freedom" and "Jai Hind" resonated with the Indian freedom movement.
  • The IANA trials in November 1945 involved three soldiers - Prem Kumar Saigal, Shehnawaz Khan, and Gurab Bhaksh Singh Dhillon - defended by prominent leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru.
  • The Royal Indian Navy's protest on February 14, 1946, highlighted poor conditions and led to the Quit India movement slogans on ships.
  • The Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 aimed to grant India independence, but the demand for a separate Pakistan was not accepted.
  • Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946, instigated communal violence in Kolkata, prompting Gandhi's intervention in Noakhali.
  • The Indian Independence Act of 1947 facilitated the transfer of power to India and Pakistan, with Mountbatten as the last Governor General.
  • The Shimla Agreement of 1971 between Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Bhutto aimed to maintain peaceful relations post the India-Pakistan war.

58:32

Key Events in Indian Independence Movement

  • Gandhiji was assassinated by Nathuram Godse on 30th January in Delhi, where his Samadhi place, Rajghat, is located.
  • Godse had instructed that his ashes be thrown into the Indus River in its final form, without anything being thrown into the water.
  • Gandhiji's famous quote about being the change you wish to see in the world is attributed to him.
  • Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the slogan of "do or die" and formed the Chirology League in 1916.
  • Sardar Patel was involved in the Badoli Satyagraha and Kheda Satyagraha, earning him the title of Sardar.
  • Sarojini Naidu led the civil disobedience movement and the Dharasana Salt Satyagraha in Gujarat.
  • The Salt Satyagraha started on March 12th and lasted until April 6th, with 78 delegates accompanying Gandhiji from Sabarmati to Dandi.
  • Subhash Chandra Bose referred to Mahatma Gandhi as the Father of the Nation in 1944.
  • The non-cooperation movement was called off by Mahatma Gandhi in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura massacre.
  • The All India Khilafat Conference took place in November 1919 in Delhi, where it was decided to non-cooperate with the government.

01:12:05

Indian Independence Movement: Key Events Summarized

  • CDM started in 1930 with Salt Dandi March on 12th March
  • India Movement had begun by 1943, eliminating the option to quit
  • CDM was fully seized by 1934
  • Indian flag was hoisted at Gowalia Tank Ground in Mumbai during Quit India Movement
  • Aruna Asaf Ali led the movement and started an underground radio
  • Current Affairs class is at 9 PM the next day
  • Simon Commission came in 1928 with slogans of 'Simon Go Back'
  • Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the mentor of both Gandhi and Jinnah
  • Quit India Movement started in 1942
  • Mahatma Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in 1915

01:24:38

"British India History: Key Facts Revealed"

  • James Mill's book "History of British India" is the correct answer to the 58th question.
  • The first Governor General of Bengal was Hasting, appointed in 1773.
  • The Regulating Act of 1773 gave the title of Governor General of Bengal to the Governor of Bengal at that time, Hasting.
  • To prevent eye strain, it is recommended to look away from screens every 20 minutes for 20 seconds, focusing on distant objects and blinking.
  • The English Education Act was introduced in 1835, during William Bentinck's time as Governor General.
  • The Vernacular Press Act was repealed in 1828 by Lord Ripon.
  • The Dual Government in Bengal was ended by Hastings in 1772.
  • Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement and the Inspector System in 1793.
  • The Battle of Plassey in 1757 was led by the British forces under Clive.
  • The Cornwallis Code separated Revenue Administration from Judicial Administration.

01:38:23

India House: Hub of Freedom Fighters

  • India House, built in 1905 by Shyam Ji Krishna Verma, was associated with Gopal Krishna Varma and published a magazine. The last question identified a freedom fighter who found school suffocating as a child, with Rabindranath Tagore also feeling similarly.
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