La discapacidad intelectual (Javier Tamarit. Enero 2018)
Plena inclusión・38 minutes read
The text explores the evolution of terms related to intellectual disability, emphasizing the impact of terminology on attitudes and behaviors, as well as the shift towards a more inclusive and people-centered approach. It highlights the importance of clear definitions and understanding to combat negative attitudes, focusing on viewing individuals with intellectual disabilities as people first.
Insights
- The text underscores the historical evolution of terminology related to intellectual disability, emphasizing the profound impact of language on societal attitudes and behaviors towards individuals with disabilities.
- It advocates for a paradigm shift towards viewing individuals with intellectual disabilities as people first, highlighting the importance of inclusive approaches that prioritize understanding and inclusion over focusing solely on disabilities.
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Recent questions
What is the historical evolution of terms related to intellectual disability?
The text discusses the historical evolution of terms related to intellectual disability, from imbecile and idiot to the current term, emphasizing the impact of terminology on attitudes and behaviors towards individuals with disabilities. It highlights the importance of naming and defining terms to create a shared reality and understanding, stressing the significance of consensus in defining terms like intellectual disability.
How have attitudes towards intellectual disability changed over time?
The text explores the attitudes and behaviors associated with intellectual disability throughout history, including infantilization, dehumanization, and denial of individual rights and dignity. It discusses the shift in perspective towards intellectual disability, moving from a focus on deficits and therapies to a more inclusive and people-centered approach, influenced by the American Association's definition change in 1992. This shift emphasizes the significance of viewing individuals with intellectual disabilities as people first, with a focus on inclusion and understanding, rather than solely on their disabilities.
What is the distinction between cognitive disabilities and other types of disabilities?
The text delves into the broader context of disability, distinguishing between cognitive disabilities like intellectual disability and other types of disabilities, such as sensory or organic disabilities. It explains the distinction between developmental disabilities and mental disabilities within the cognitive disability category, focusing on intellectual disability as one of the major groups.
How has the perspective on interventions for intellectual disability shifted?
The text challenges the notion that intellectual disability resides within the person, clarifying that it is in the interaction between the individual's limitations and the environment. It shifts the perspective on interventions, suggesting that they should target not only the individual but also the environment to reduce the impact of intellectual disability. This highlights the importance of focusing on the person rather than the disability, emphasizing that there is more to an individual than their intellectual disability.
What are the key spheres related to intellectual disability?
The text discusses the three key spheres related to intellectual disability: individual capacity, support, and opportunities for participation in the environment. It emphasizes the concept of capacity, support, and opportunities in relation to intellectual disability, highlighting the need for a conducive environment for individuals with disabilities. This holistic approach underscores the importance of considering all these factors in addressing the circumstances of individuals with intellectual disabilities.
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Summary
00:00
Evolution of Terms in Intellectual Disability
- The text prompts readers to recall the first time they encountered terms like intellectual disability, mental retardation, or mental deficiency, emphasizing how these terms make invisible situations visible.
- It highlights the importance of naming and defining terms to create a shared reality and understanding, stressing the significance of consensus in defining terms like intellectual disability.
- The text discusses the historical evolution of terms related to intellectual disability, from imbecile and idiot to the current term, emphasizing the impact of terminology on attitudes and behaviors towards individuals with disabilities.
- It delves into the broader context of disability, distinguishing between cognitive disabilities like intellectual disability and other types of disabilities, such as sensory or organic disabilities.
- The text explains the distinction between developmental disabilities and mental disabilities within the cognitive disability category, focusing on intellectual disability as one of the major groups.
- It explores the attitudes and behaviors associated with intellectual disability throughout history, including infantilization, dehumanization, and denial of individual rights and dignity.
- The text highlights the importance of clear definitions and understanding of intellectual disability to combat negative attitudes and practices towards individuals with disabilities.
- It discusses the shift in perspective towards intellectual disability, moving from a focus on deficits and therapies to a more inclusive and people-centered approach, influenced by the American Association's definition change in 1992.
- The text emphasizes the significance of viewing individuals with intellectual disabilities as people first, with a focus on inclusion and understanding, rather than solely on their disabilities.
- It underscores the transformative impact of changing perspectives and definitions on intellectual disability, leading to a more respectful and inclusive approach towards individuals with disabilities.
15:50
Understanding Intellectual Disability: Person vs Environment
- Emphasizes the importance of focusing on the person rather than the disability, highlighting that there is more to an individual than their intellectual disability.
- Challenges the notion that intellectual disability resides within the person, clarifying that it is in the interaction between the individual's limitations and the environment.
- Shifts the perspective on interventions, suggesting that they should target not only the individual but also the environment to reduce the impact of intellectual disability.
- Explores the concept of capacity, support, and opportunities in relation to intellectual disability, emphasizing the need for a conducive environment for individuals with disabilities.
- Discusses the three key spheres related to intellectual disability: individual capacity, support, and opportunities for participation in the environment.
- Traces the evolution of the definition of intellectual disability by the American Intellectual Disability Association, highlighting changes in paradigms and terminology over the years.
- Compares the definitions of intellectual disability by different organizations, such as the American Intellectual Disability Association and the DSM5, noting variations in terminology and approaches.
- Introduces the World Health Organization's classification of intellectual disabilities, emphasizing the importance of international standards in defining and understanding intellectual disabilities.
- Outlines the criteria for diagnosing intellectual disability, including limited intelligence, adaptive behavior, and onset before the age of 18.
- Provides statistical data on the prevalence of intellectual disabilities, estimating that one in every 100 people in developed countries like Spain may have an intellectual disability.
31:44
Supporting Inclusion and Empowerment for Disabilities
- Knowing the causes of intellectual disability is crucial for providing genetic advice and making informed decisions about maternal life.
- Emphasizing the person with a disability as a person first, rather than focusing solely on the disability, allows for a more comprehensive approach to support and progress.
- The concept of support, introduced in 1992, highlights the responsibility of those around individuals with disabilities to provide adequate support for progress.
- The role of the environment is essential in promoting inclusivity and competence in addressing the circumstances of individuals with disabilities in daily life.
- Support should aim not only to limit the impact of disability but also to promote a good quality of life, with the individual determining the meaning and direction of their life.
- The empowerment of people with intellectual disabilities has led to a focus on equality, dignity, and rights, transforming the way support plans are created and impacting professionals and organizations.
- Professionals working with individuals with intellectual disabilities must be experts, close, committed, and activists in improving lives, rather than mere technocrats.
- Understanding intellectual disability impacts policies, legislation, practices, and culture, promoting inclusion, dignity, respect, and natural supports.
- Programs focusing on self-representation and empowerment allow individuals with disabilities to have a voice, rights, and the power to change their world for a better life.
