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عصر الدولة الحديثة عصر المجد الحربى الصف الأول الإعدادي | الدرس الثالث | الوحدة الثانية

مستر عطا زكى شحتو・34 minutes read

The Era of the Modern State in ancient Egypt, marked by the reign of powerful rulers from the Kam Dynasty, began with King Ahmose I's expulsion of the Hyksos and the establishment of a strong, unified nation, characterized by military expansion, cultural prosperity, and a significant religious revolution initiated by King Akhenaten. Notable kings such as Thutmose III further extended Egypt's influence through military campaigns and effective governance, solidifying the empire's dominance and enriching its cultural legacy.

Insights

  • The Era of the Modern State in ancient Egypt, initiated by King Ahmose I, marked a transformative period characterized by a strong military, territorial expansion, and significant cultural development, establishing Egypt as a powerful empire that extended from the Euphrates River to southern regions, while also fostering advancements in various fields and influencing neighboring civilizations.
  • King Akhenaten's religious revolution, which promoted the worship of a single god, Aten, represented a profound shift from traditional polytheism, highlighting the era's dynamic nature and the interplay between governance and spirituality, as it not only altered religious practices but also reflected broader cultural changes within Egyptian society.

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Recent questions

  • What is the modern state concept?

    The modern state concept refers to a political entity characterized by a centralized government, defined territory, and a permanent population. It emerged in the context of historical developments, particularly during the Era of the Modern State in ancient Egypt, which began with King Ahmose I's expulsion of the Hyksos. This period marked the establishment of a strong, independent state with powerful rulers from the Kam Dynasty. The modern state is often associated with the presence of a strong military, the formation of empires, and significant cultural and religious transformations, as seen in the advancements and changes initiated by various kings during this era.

  • How did King Ahmose I impact Egypt?

    King Ahmose I had a profound impact on Egypt by founding the 18th Dynasty and marking the beginning of the Era of the Modern State. His reign began with the expulsion of the Hyksos, which restored Egypt's independence and strength. Ahmose's military campaigns not only secured Egypt's borders but also laid the groundwork for future territorial expansions. He focused on rebuilding temples and restoring cultural heritage, demonstrating his commitment to Egypt's identity. His actions established a unified and powerful state, setting the stage for subsequent rulers to expand the empire and enhance Egypt's influence in the region.

  • What characterized the Era of Military Glory?

    The Era of Military Glory in ancient Egypt is characterized by a strong military presence and successful conquests that expanded the empire's territories. This period saw powerful rulers, particularly during the 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties, who conducted numerous military campaigns to assert Egyptian dominance. The strong army maintained internal order and protected against external threats, while military expeditions extended Egypt's influence from the Euphrates River to the Fourth Cataract. This era not only emphasized military strength but also facilitated trade and cultural exchanges, contributing to Egypt's prosperity and status as a significant power in the ancient world.

  • What was Akhenaten's religious revolution?

    Akhenaten's religious revolution was a significant shift in ancient Egyptian belief systems, initiated by the pharaoh originally named Amenhotep IV. He promoted the worship of a single god, Aten, represented by the sun's disc, moving away from the traditional polytheistic practices that characterized Egyptian religion. This revolution was marked by the establishment of a new capital, Akhetaten, dedicated to Aten, and the suppression of other deities. Akhenaten's reforms aimed to centralize religious practices and diminish the power of the priesthood associated with the old gods. This radical change had lasting effects on Egyptian society and religion, although it was largely reversed after his reign.

  • Who were notable kings of the modern state?

    Notable kings of the modern state in ancient Egypt include King Ahmose I, who founded the 18th Dynasty and expelled the Hyksos, establishing a strong and independent nation. Thutmose I and Thutmose III are also significant figures, known for their military expansions and architectural contributions, including the development of the Karnak Temple. Hatshepsut, one of the few female pharaohs, is recognized for her prosperous reign and trade expeditions. Akhenaten, known for his religious reforms, and Ramses II, celebrated for his military achievements and monumental constructions, further exemplify the powerful rulers of this era. Each of these kings played a crucial role in shaping Egypt's history and legacy during the Era of the Modern State.

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Summary

00:00

Era of the Modern State in Ancient Egypt

  • The lesson focuses on the historical period known as the Era of the Modern State, which began with King Ahmose I expelling the Hyksos and establishing a strong state in Egypt, marking a significant period in ancient Egyptian history.
  • The modern state is characterized by powerful rulers from the Kam Dynasty, specifically the 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties, which collectively contributed to the strength and stability of Egypt during this era.
  • Five key characteristics define the Era of the Modern State: the presence of a strong army, the formation of a great empire, military campaigns and commercial trips to the south, civilizational prosperity, and a religious revolution initiated by King Akhenaten.
  • The strong army maintained internal order and protected Egypt from external threats, while the kings expanded Egypt's borders, creating an empire that extended from the Euphrates River in Iraq to the Fourth Cataract in southern Egypt.
  • The kings of the New Kingdom conducted military campaigns and commercial trips to Africa, enhancing Egypt's influence and wealth through conquest and trade.
  • Civilizational prosperity during this era led to Egypt becoming an advanced cultural center, influencing and being influenced by other civilizations, showcasing advancements in various fields.
  • King Akhenaten, originally named Amenhotep IV, initiated a religious revolution by promoting the worship of one god, Aten, symbolized by the sun's cradle, which was a significant shift from the traditional polytheistic beliefs.
  • The era is also referred to as the Era of Military Glory due to the strong military presence and successful conquests, as well as the Era of Empire Builders for the extensive territories controlled by the Egyptian kings.
  • Notable kings of the modern state include King Ahmose I, who founded the 18th Dynasty, Thutmose I, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, Ramses II, and Ramses III, each contributing to the strength and legacy of ancient Egypt.
  • King Ahmose I is recognized as the founder of the modern state, marking the beginning of a new history for Egypt as a free, strong, and independent nation, with Thebes (modern-day Luxor) serving as its capital during his reign.

11:52

Rise of Egypt's Empire Under Ahmose and Thutmose

  • King Ahmose I expelled the Hyksos from Egypt, marking the beginning of his reign and the establishment of a free and independent Egypt.
  • After expelling the Hyksos, Ahmose moved south to secure Egypt's southern borders and eliminate rebellious movements among the indigenous people who resisted Egyptian rule.
  • He launched a military campaign into Phoenicia, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine to extend Egypt's influence and pave the way for the formation of an Egyptian empire.
  • Ahmose's military actions allowed future rulers to easily expand the empire, as he laid the groundwork for a strong and unified state.
  • During periods of peace, Ahmose focused on rebuilding and repairing temples that had been destroyed by the Hyksos, demonstrating his commitment to restoring Egypt's cultural heritage.
  • King Thutmose I succeeded Ahmose and inherited a stable Egypt, which allowed him to focus on military expansion and architectural development.
  • Thutmose I first traveled south to the city of Napata, the center of the Kushite civilization, and then east to the Euphrates River in Iraq, expanding Egypt's territorial reach.
  • He established a single administrative unit from Napata to the north of Edfu, governed by an official known as the "royal son of Kush," which facilitated the spread of Egyptian culture.
  • Thutmose I prioritized the development of the Karnak Temple in Thebes, aiming to make it the main temple of the city, reflecting his architectural ambitions.
  • He was the first king to be buried in the Valley of the Kings, a hidden burial site chosen by his architect, Ay Nini, marking a significant change in royal burial practices.

22:51

Thutmose III: Architect of an Expanding Empire

  • King Thutmose III led 16 military campaigns in Asia, demonstrating his strategic military leadership across the continent, which solidified his reputation as a formidable commander.
  • He built a strong war fleet consisting of numerous warships, which enabled him to control many islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the coast of Phoenicia, enhancing Egypt's naval power and territorial influence.
  • Thutmose III expanded into Africa, achieving victory in his 17th campaign against the country of Kush, which allowed him to establish an empire that extended beyond the Fourth Cataract, marking a significant territorial gain for Egypt.
  • The most famous battle he fought was the Battle of Megiddo, which occurred in the fifth year of his reign, where he faced the princes of Asia, led by the Prince of Kadesh, who opposed Egyptian rule.
  • The Battle of Megiddo was prompted by the rebellion of the Asian princes against Egyptian authority, leading to a siege where Thutmose III ultimately forced their surrender, reinforcing Egyptian dominance in the region.
  • In administration, Thutmose III focused on internal affairs by building temples and obelisks, which served both religious and cultural purposes, and he prioritized the preservation of the Egyptian Empire through effective governance.
  • He implemented peaceful policies with the princes of Asia after their surrender, which included stabilizing their positions and integrating them into the Egyptian administration to prevent future conflicts.
  • Thutmose III brought the children of Asian princes to Egypt to teach them Egyptian customs and instill a love for Egypt, ensuring that they would become loyal followers and maintain friendly relations when they returned to their homelands.
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