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Infrastructure Resilience Initiatives: The Philippine Experience

EPICentre UCL・94 minutes read

The DMPR training program aims to build capacity in understanding hazard assessments, applying pre and post-earthquake disaster forms, and inspecting damage to various structures, enhancing infrastructure resilience in the Philippines. The program focuses on modules for different types of materials with green, yellow, or red recommendations for building status based on inspections, reinforcing the importance of enforcing the national structural code in the country.

Insights

  • The training program aims to provide volunteers with the knowledge to assess building structures using green, yellow, or red recommendations based on inspection modules for different materials, with a focus on concrete, steel, and masonry structures.
  • The initiative includes modules on key structural vulnerabilities such as soft stories, strong columns, weak beams, and joint failures in concrete buildings, along with discussions on CHB masonry houses and steel structures, emphasizing common failure modes and damage assessment.
  • The program underscores the importance of enforcing the national structural code of the Philippines, detailing the impact of poor workmanship on structures and the government's efforts to enhance infrastructure resilience, including mandatory inspections, infrastructure audits, and disaster risk reduction laws.

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Recent questions

  • What is the purpose of the ascept dmpr training program?

    The ascept dmpr training program aims to enhance the capacity of volunteers in understanding hazard assessment tools, applying pre and post-earthquake disaster forms and tools, and inspecting and assessing damage to various types of structures such as reinforced concrete, steel, and masonry. This program plays a crucial role in improving infrastructure resilience in the Philippines and ensuring the safety of structures during disasters.

  • What are the key modules covered in the training program?

    The training program includes modules on the inspection of concrete buildings, masonry buildings, steel structures, and lifeline structures. These modules focus on identifying common failure modes, assessing damage, and providing recommendations for structures based on their condition. Participants are familiarized with vulnerable points, failure types, and key aspects of different types of structures to effectively evaluate and address potential risks.

  • How does the program assess participants' knowledge and skills?

    The program includes a post-training assessment that involves a quiz where participants can qualify as structural safety evaluators or responders based on their scores and meeting specific criteria. To become a responder or structural safety evaluator, participants need to achieve a minimum score of 60% for responders and 70% for evaluators. Those who qualify as evaluators may become team leaders during actual inspections, showcasing their expertise in assessing structural safety effectively.

  • What are the government's efforts to improve building resilience?

    The government has implemented various initiatives to enhance building resilience, including infrastructure audits, mandatory inspections, and the revision of national structural codes. Efforts like the Big One project focus on retrofitting vital structures near fault lines and ensuring buildings are accessible post-disaster. By enforcing regulations, conducting inspections, and retrofitting vulnerable structures, the government aims to mitigate risks and enhance the overall resilience of buildings in the face of disasters.

  • How does the training program contribute to disaster risk reduction?

    The training program plays a significant role in disaster risk reduction by equipping volunteers with the necessary knowledge and skills to assess and address structural vulnerabilities in buildings. By understanding hazard assessment tools, applying disaster forms, and inspecting various types of structures, participants can contribute to enhancing infrastructure resilience and ensuring the safety of buildings during disasters. This proactive approach helps in reducing risks and improving preparedness for potential calamities.

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Summary

00:00

Building Resilience: Assessing Structural Damage in Philippines

  • points are still the same green yellow and red recommendations and finally a module on the use of the Philippine building code in the assessment of structures is also included in this set of modules the third set of modules focuses on the methodology inspection and assessment of damage to various types of structures specifically the modules include a module on reinforced concrete structures focusing on the identification of common failure modes and the assessment of damage a module on steel structures with emphasis on the identification of common failure modes and the assessment of damage and a module on masonry structures with a focus on the identification of common failure modes and the assessment of damage so in summary the ascept dmpr training program aims to build the capacity of volunteers in understanding hazard assessment tools applying pre and post earthquake disaster forms and tools and inspecting and assessing damage to various types of structures such as reinforced concrete steel and masonry this program is crucial in enhancing infrastructure resilience in the Philippines and ensuring the safety of structures in the event of disasters.

22:30

Building Safety Evaluation Training: Modules and Assessment

  • The objective is to recommend to the building official of the LGU whether a building's status is green, yellow, or red based on inspection modules for different types of materials.
  • Modules include inspection of concrete buildings focusing on vulnerable points like soft stories, strong columns, weak beams, and joint failures, with recommendations of green, yellow, or red postings.
  • Another module covers inspection of masonry buildings, discussing CHB masonry houses, common failures, and examples of failures of CHB structures.
  • A separate module focuses on inspection of Steel structures, familiarizing participants with various types and framing systems, showcasing examples from simple failures to total collapses.
  • The final module on Lifeline structures includes inspection of bridges, flyovers, and pipelines, highlighting key failure types for each structure.
  • The DMPR training spans two days, covering the aforementioned modules, with a sample program provided, including a post-test activity.
  • A rapid evaluation exercise involves participants assessing damage in photos using RVs instead of on-site inspections, culminating in final reports and expert feedback.
  • The post-training assessment includes a quiz where participants can qualify as structural safety evaluators or responders based on scores and criteria.
  • Criteria for becoming a responder or structural safety evaluator are detailed, with a 70% score required for the latter and 60% for the former.
  • Structural safety evaluators may become team leaders during actual inspections, with examples of earthquake damage and training activities provided throughout the summary.

45:06

Building Resilience: Philippines' Seismic Safety Measures

  • The text discusses the impact of poor workmanship on buildings in the Philippines, highlighting the lack of reinforcements in wood frame houses and nonstructural damage to partitions and claddings.
  • It emphasizes the importance of enforcing the national structural code of the Philippines to protect against seismic actions.
  • The text reviews the seismic scenario in Metro Manila, detailing possible earthquake scenarios and the hazards surrounding the metropolis.
  • It mentions the Metro Manila earthquake impact reduction study (MMERS) and the critical earthquake scenarios identified, including potential damage and casualties.
  • The text provides statistics on possible building damage in Metro Manila, with a significant number of buildings at risk of heavy damage or collapse.
  • It outlines the government's efforts to make public buildings resilient, including infrastructure audits, mandatory inspections, and the enactment of disaster risk reduction and management laws.
  • The government's response involves the inspection of buildings, the issuance of circulars for mandatory inspections, and the revision of national structural codes.
  • It details the Big One project, focusing on retrofitting vital structures near fault lines and making buildings post-disaster accessible.
  • The project phases include evaluations, retrofitting, and demolition recommendations for seismically vulnerable structures.
  • The conclusion highlights the government's prevention, mitigation, and preparedness strategies, emphasizing the collaboration between national agencies, local government units, and civil society organizations to achieve resilience.

01:06:51

Assessing Vulnerability and Losses in Philippines

  • Data collection for the task involved a hybrid workshop for stakeholders in the Philippines, including government officials and school managers.
  • Questionnaire-based assessments were conducted to evaluate general preparedness and specific hazards like seismic and flood situations.
  • The Nasis approach was used to assess flood vulnerability, assigning vulnerability ratings based on various parameters.
  • Vulnerability ratings were normalized and used to calculate economic losses based on factors like building replacement cost and damage factor.
  • Economic losses were estimated considering flood depth, building condition, and contents cost.
  • Seismic vulnerability assessment was done using the Glossi taxonomy, classifying buildings based on parameters to determine seismic performance.
  • The Glossi taxonomy assigns a code to each parameter to create a building's DNA, aiding in identifying recurring typologies and fragility functions.
  • Road networks around schools were assessed to understand local and regional connectivity, feeding into a recovery analysis model.
  • A case study on the St. Augustine Parish Church in Ilocos detailed structural evaluation and damage assessment post-earthquake.
  • Material characterization, wood identification, and flat jack tests were conducted to assess the church's masonry and timber elements.

01:26:06

"Church wall testing informs reconstruction process"

  • The force displacement curve relationship for a wall was developed through four flat Jack tests conducted for a church.
  • Rebound was observed in some walls during the flat Jack tests, prompting an increase in the rate of load application to prevent it.
  • The elastic modulus of the masonry was determined from the flat Jack tests, and a masonry quality index (MQI) was used to confirm the results visually.
  • Material properties were derived from the MQI to determine the Poisson ratio, compressive strength, and tensile strength of the masonry.
  • A masonry stress-strain curve was developed using nonlinear analysis based on the material properties.
  • Model validation was conducted using experiments from ENC for masonry wall systems and SAP 2000 software.
  • Gravity analysis was initially performed for dead and live loads to benchmark the results.
  • Pushover analysis was used to determine the capacity of the walls in both directions, following the Italian code for damage control limits.
  • Recommendations included applying herbicides to eliminate vegetation intrusion that weakened the masonry wall.
  • Reconstruction of the church is ongoing, sourcing materials from a local manufacturer to match the original construction during the Spanish era.

01:45:56

"Building Resilience Through Multiscalar Risk Governance"

  • Understanding the contextual drivers of risk and resilience is crucial.
  • Appreciating the transdisciplinarity and intersectionality of vulnerability is necessary for building resilience.
  • Mitigative and adaptive approaches are essential for resilient coastal infrastructures.
  • Supporting the well-being of communities, especially those dependent on healthy ecosystems, is vital.
  • Man's model emphasizes the risk and resilience journey towards bouncing forward together.
  • Putting people at the heart of public-private partnerships for community well-being is crucial.
  • Integrating physical infrastructure like seawalls and roads with land use and building codes is essential.
  • Paying attention to the intersections of vulnerabilities and intertwining aspects of hard and soft infrastructure is crucial.
  • Being science-based in moving towards climate action is emphasized.
  • Multiscalar approaches to risk governance are needed to establish coherence and reduce structural measures.

02:05:40

"Earthquake aftermath: damage, resilience, retrofitting measures"

  • The speaker observed the aftermath of a strong earthquake on the North Coast, noting dejection and potential liquefaction issues.
  • Spectra showed a maximum of 14 meters per second squared, indicating significant impact.
  • The speaker documented collapsed buildings and damaged structures, particularly focusing on weak first floors.
  • Non-structural damage like fallen tiles and cracked walls was prevalent, with some buildings showing severe damage.
  • Retrofitting measures were observed in some buildings, especially in hospitals and schools, following past earthquakes.
  • New constructions displayed improved design and resilience compared to older buildings.
  • The speaker noted surprise at the buildings' resilience despite visible concrete quality issues.
  • There were concerns about hidden structural damage behind panels in buildings with columns.
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