Human Anatomy Lecture- Ch 1: The Human Body
Rita Marcon・32 minutes read
Anatomy studies the human body's structure, while physiology focuses on function, with various sub-disciplines and branches like gross anatomy, histology, and radiographic anatomy. The body's structural organization hierarchy progresses from the chemical level to cells, tissues, organs, and systems, with specific terminology and body planes delineating different regions and structures.
Insights
- Anatomy focuses on the structure of the human body, while physiology deals with its functions, with various branches like gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and radiographic anatomy providing detailed insights into different aspects of the body.
- The body's organization hierarchy progresses from the chemical level to atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems, with anatomical terminology based on ancient languages like Greek and Latin to ensure a standardized global naming system.
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Recent questions
What is anatomy and physiology?
The study of body structure and function.
What are the different branches of anatomy?
Developmental, embryology, pathological, radiographic, functional morphology.
How is anatomical terminology standardized?
Based on ancient Greek or Latin.
What is the structural organization hierarchy in anatomy?
Chemical, atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms.
What are the body cavities in anatomy?
Dorsal (cranial, vertebral), ventral (thoracic, mediastinum, abdominal, pelvic).
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Summary
00:00
Anatomy and Physiology: Body Structure and Function
- Anatomy is the study of the human body's structure, while physiology focuses on body function, with the suffix "-ology" indicating the study of various disciplines.
- Gross anatomy, a sub-discipline, can be further divided into regional anatomy and systemic anatomy, along with surface anatomy and microscopic anatomy (histology).
- Other branches of anatomy include developmental anatomy, embryology, pathological anatomy (pathology), radiographic anatomy, and functional morphology.
- Anatomical terminology is based on ancient Greek or Latin, providing a standardized nomenclature globally.
- The structural organization hierarchy starts at the chemical level, progressing through atoms, molecules, macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids), cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
- The integumentary system forms the external body covering, protecting deeper tissues, synthesizing vitamin D, and housing cutaneous receptors.
- The skeletal system supports and protects body organs, provides a framework for muscles, forms blood cells, and stores minerals.
- The muscular system enables movement, maintains posture, and produces heat.
- The nervous system acts as a fast-acting control system, responding to internal and external changes.
- The endocrine system, comprising glands that secrete hormones, regulates growth, reproduction, and nutrient use.
20:57
"Body Planes and Cavities: An Overview"
- Superficial refers to being external or towards the body surface, such as the skin compared to skeletal muscles.
- Deep or internal means away from the body surface, like the lungs compared to the skin.
- The body can be divided into different planes: frontal or coronal plane, transverse plane, sagittal plane, and parasagittal plane.
- The frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
- The transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
- The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left parts, with the mid sagittal plane dividing it equally.
- The parasagittal plane is offset from the midline, not dividing the body equally.
- The body's basic plan is like a tube within a tube, exhibiting bilateral symmetry and specific structures shared among vertebrates.
- The body cavities include the dorsal body cavity (cranial and vertebral), and the ventral body cavity (thoracic, mediastinum, abdominal, and pelvic).
- Serous cavities are lined by serous membranes like pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum, with parietal and visceral layers and serous fluid between them.
41:14
Preventing Artifacts and Enhancing X-ray Imaging
- Artifacts in slides can occur due to improper handling, leading to distortions in preserved tissues like dirt or hair; wearing gloves and proper PPE is crucial during slide handling to prevent such issues.
- X-rays are electromagnetic waves used to visualize bones and dense structures, appearing white on the image, while air-filled structures like lungs appear black; contrast mediums like barium enhance visualization of internal structures.
- Advanced x-ray techniques like CT scans provide detailed body section images by taking successive x-rays around a person's full circumference, aiding in visualizing organs like the liver, kidneys, and major blood vessels like the aorta.
