What challenges did the Yuan Dynasty face?

Economic, environmental, political, and military factors.

What reforms did Chancellor Toghto implement?

Centralizing governance, Confucianism, and education.

Triggered the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty.

Faced 21 rebellions due to flooding, inflation, discontent.

Dismissal by Toghon Temür, chaos, political turmoil.

The Yuan Dynasty, once the most powerful kingdom on earth, faced economic, environmental, and political challenges that contributed to their loss of the Mandate of Heaven and eventual downfall.
Toghto's ambitious project to reroute the Yellow River in 1351, aimed at protecting the Yuan Dynasty's economy, inadvertently triggered its collapse, showcasing how grand plans can have unintended consequences leading to catastrophic outcomes.

What challenges did the Yuan Dynasty face?
Economic, environmental, political, and military factors.
What reforms did Chancellor Toghto implement?
Centralizing governance, Confucianism, and education.
What was the impact of rerouting the Yellow River?
Triggered the collapse of the Yuan Dynasty.
How did the Yuan Dynasty handle rebellions?
Faced 21 rebellions due to flooding, inflation, discontent.
What led to the assassination of Chancellor Toghto?
Dismissal by Toghon Temür, chaos, political turmoil.

00:00

After Khubilai Khan’s death in 1294, the Yuan Dynasty ruled over the most powerful kingdom on earth.
The Dynasty faced economic, environmental, political, and military factors leading to their loss of the Mandate of Heaven and China.
Scentbird, a fragrance subscription service, offers access to over 600 brands for $16 a month, allowing users to try new designer fragrances.
Temür Öljeitü, Khubilai Khan's drunken grandson, faced challenges continuing his grandfather's policies due to lavish spending and corruption.
The Yuan Dynasty's economic struggles were exacerbated by the Little Ice Age, causing ecological problems like droughts, floods, and locust plagues.
The dynasty faced yearly crises, including famines, earthquakes, typhoons, and inflation due to natural calamities and a devalued currency.
Succession of khans led to violent purges, policy reversals, and attempts to stabilize the economy through new currencies and increased taxes.
Ayurburwada aimed for a more Chinese-Confucian government, promoting civil service exams and legal system codification.
Succession of khans continued with power struggles, assassinations, and political turmoil, leading to a weakening of the Yuan Dynasty.
Toghto, a new generation leader, focused on centralizing and strengthening the Yuan through reforms, incorporating Confucianism and education in governance.

13:21

In 1323, 39% of the money printed was spent on aiding refugees fleeing Mongolia, leading to a ban on leaving the country under penalty of death.
Tüq Temür faced 21 rebellions during his three-year reign due to intense flooding, rising inflation, and a growing population discontent.
Chancellor Toghto's plans for grand projects were hindered by a decade of natural disasters, including earthquakes, snowstorms, flooding, famine, drought, and possibly the bubonic plague.
Toghto's ambitious project to reroute the Yellow River in 1351 aimed to protect the Yuan Dynasty's economy but inadvertently triggered its collapse.
Toghto successfully rerouted the Yellow River with 150,000 laborers and 20,000 soldiers, safeguarding the Grand Canal and salt fields crucial for Yuan's revenue.
Toghto's military strategies, including the formation of the Yellow Army, helped him quell the Red Turban rebellion by 1352, but he was dismissed by Toghon Temür in 1355, leading to chaos and Toghto's assassination.