Heredity Class 10 One Shot | NCERT 10th Science (Biology) Chapter 9 Heredity And Evolution #Cbse2024

Vedantu 9,10 &11・2 minutes read

In a session on heredity, Ma'am discusses key concepts like DNA copying, genetic variations, and Mendel's experiments using pea plants to study genetic inheritance patterns. Through examples like monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, the importance of genetic traits, alleles, and the laws of dominance and segregation in heredity are explained, highlighting the role of variations in adaptation, evolution, and selection.

Insights

  • Heredity involves the transfer of physical characteristics from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes, impacting variations in asexual and sexual reproduction.
  • Mendel's experiments with garden pea plants revealed genetic factors controlling physical traits, showcasing genetic inheritance patterns through monohybrid and hybrid crosses, establishing laws of dominance and segregation in heredity.

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Recent questions

  • What is heredity?

    The transfer of physical characteristics from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes is known as heredity. It involves the passing on of genetic information that determines traits and characteristics in living organisms.

  • How did Mendel study heredity?

    Mendel used pea plants to study heredity, focusing on variations in asexual and sexual reproduction. By conducting experiments with different traits and observing inheritance patterns, he established fundamental principles of genetic inheritance that laid the foundation for modern genetics.

  • What are the key concepts of genetic variations?

    Genetic variations arise from DNA copying during meiosis, leading to unique traits in offspring. These variations accumulate through generations due to DNA damage and mutations, influencing adaptation, evolution, and selection in different environments. Variations play a crucial role in shaping the genetic diversity and survival of organisms.

  • What did Mendel's experiments with pea plants reveal?

    Mendel's experiments with garden pea plants revealed genetic factors (alleles) controlling physical traits. He identified dominant and recessive genes that determine the expression of traits in offspring. By conducting monohybrid and hybrid crosses, Mendel demonstrated inheritance patterns and established laws of dominance and segregation in genetic inheritance.

  • What are the implications of Mendel's findings on genetic inheritance?

    Mendel's findings on genetic inheritance, including the laws of dominance and segregation, have significant implications for understanding how traits are passed down from parents to offspring. By studying genetic variations and inheritance patterns, researchers can unravel the complexities of heredity and genetic diversity in living organisms.

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Summary

00:00

Genetic Inheritance and Variations in Heredity

  • Ma'am presents a 20-minute session on heredity, focusing on key concepts and mind mapping for revision.
  • Registration for MV SET, offering 100% scholarship and guaranteed benefits, is free and available at offline centers on specific dates.
  • Heredity involves the transfer of physical characteristics from parents to offspring through genes and chromosomes.
  • Mendel used pea plants to study heredity, emphasizing variations in asexual and sexual reproduction.
  • Asexual reproduction in bacteria leads to minimal variations, while sexual reproduction involves meiotic division causing genetic differences.
  • Variations in sexual reproduction result from DNA copying during meiosis, leading to unique offspring traits.
  • Variations accumulate through generations due to DNA damage and mutations, impacting survival and adaptation to the environment.
  • Variations play a crucial role in adaptation, evolution, and selection, influencing the survival of organisms in different environments.
  • Mendel's experiments with garden pea plants revealed genetic factors (alleles) controlling physical traits, denoted by dominant and recessive genes.
  • Mendel's monohybrid crosses studied one characteristic, while hybrid crosses examined the inheritance of two different traits, showcasing genetic inheritance patterns.

15:36

Genetic Laws Demonstrated in Punnett Square

  • F1 generation was self-crossed and self-pollinated to create a Punnett square.
  • Three tall plants and one small plant were found, with no medium-height plants.
  • The phenotypic ratio was 1 homozygous tall plant, 2 heterozygous tall plants.
  • The Law of Dominance was established, stating that one trait dominates over others.
  • The Law of Segregation explained how genes separate during gamete formation.
  • A dihybrid cross was conducted with round and yellow seeds as dominant traits and wrinkled and green seeds as recessive traits.
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