GCSE Chemistry Revision "Covalent Bonding 2: Bonding in Water, Ammonia and Methane"

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Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between non-metal elements, forming strong bonds. Molecules like hydrogen chloride consist of two atoms joined by a single covalent bond. Water and ammonia molecules demonstrate how sharing electrons forms covalent bonds, ensuring full outer energy levels for all atoms involved.

Insights

  • Covalent bonding occurs through electron sharing between non-metal elements, creating strong bonds like those in hydrogen chloride and water.
  • Water and ammonia exemplify covalent bonding by sharing electrons to form stable molecules, with water having two covalent bonds and ammonia forming three, ensuring complete outer energy levels for all atoms.

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Recent questions

  • What is covalent bonding?

    Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between non-metal elements, creating strong bonds.

  • How does water molecule form?

    Water molecule forms by sharing electrons between two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

  • What is the formula of ammonia?

    The formula of ammonia is NH3, consisting of one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms.

  • How many covalent bonds does ammonia form?

    Ammonia forms three covalent bonds through sharing electrons.

  • What is the structure of hydrogen chloride?

    Hydrogen chloride consists of two atoms joined by a single covalent bond.

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Summary

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"Covalent Bonds in Molecules: Sharing Electrons"

  • Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between non-metal elements, forming strong bonds. Molecules like hydrogen chloride consist of two atoms joined by a single covalent bond.
  • Water, with a formula H2O, contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. By overlapping the outer energy levels of hydrogen and oxygen, sharing electrons forms two covalent bonds in a water molecule.
  • Ammonia, with a formula NH3, comprises one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms. Through sharing electrons, the molecule forms three covalent bonds, achieving full outer energy levels for all atoms involved.
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