Fundamentals of Nursing Concepts | Picmonic Nursing Webinar
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Assessing patients is crucial before any action, except in life-threatening situations and the "add PI" mnemonic aids in remembering the assessment, diagnosis, planning process. Understanding Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes patient care, and evaluating interventions is vital in the nursing process.
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- Assessing patients is crucial before any action, except in life-threatening situations.
- Understanding Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes patient care.
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Recent questions
What are the signs of child abuse?
Bruises, broken bones, fear of caregivers, malnourishment, inconsistencies.
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Summary
00:00
Patient Assessment: Key Steps and Tools
- Assessing patients is crucial before any action, except in life-threatening situations.
- The "add PI" mnemonic aids in remembering the assessment, diagnosis, planning process.
- Clinical evaluations require realistic, individualized, and timed care plans.
- Evaluating interventions is vital in the nursing process.
- Understanding Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes patient care.
- Normal vital signs include a pulse of 60 to 100, with athletes often having lower rates.
- Neurovascular assessments involve pain, paresthesias, pulse, power, pressure, and paralysis.
- Pain assessment is subjective and requires patients to rate their pain on a scale.
- Signs of child and elder abuse include bruises of different stages, broken bones, fear of caregivers, malnourishment, and inconsistencies in stories.
- The Venturi mask is the only device providing accurate oxygen delivery percentages.
14:59
Types of Diets and Medical Procedures
- Different types of diets include liquid, puree, thickened liquids, mechanical soft, low fiber, and regular diets.
- Tracheostomy care involves ensuring a replacement tube is nearby if dislodged, using a smaller tube for swelling, and cleaning around the stoma every eight hours for colostomy patients.
- Ileostomy and colostomy differ in the type of stool output, with ileostomy producing liquid stool and colostomy producing more solid stool.
- For ileostomy patients, a low fiber diet is recommended, while a high fiber diet is suitable for colostomy patients.
- Lung sounds include fine and coarse crackles, rhonchi, wheezes, and pleural friction rub, each with distinct characteristics.
- Enema administration involves stimulating the vagus nerve, slowing the flow if the patient experiences discomfort, and ensuring the bag is held at the appropriate height.
- MRI safety is crucial, ensuring no metal is present in the body, especially for patients with pacemakers.
- TB tests involve an intradermal injection creating an induration, with a 10mm induration considered positive in healthy patients and 5mm in immunocompromised individuals.
29:18
Essential Tips for Patient Care and Safety
- BCG vaccine can cause a positive TB test, requiring further tests like chest x-ray and lumbar puncture.
- After receiving IV contrast dye, patients must drink plenty of fluids to prevent renal failure.
- When using a cane, it should reach the greater trochanter of the femur to maintain balance.
- Walkers should be used with the affected leg first to ensure stability.
- Crutches should be sized about two inches below the armpit, using about three fingers as a guide.
- Communication with hearing-impaired patients should involve facing them, speaking clearly, and waiting for responses.
- For visually impaired patients, feeding should follow the clockwise method to aid in understanding food placement.
- Different cultures may have specific practices like avoiding direct eye contact or having decision-makers in the family.
- Patient positions like Trendelenburg for shock or hypotension, supine for basic positioning, and Fowler's for back elevation are crucial.
- Understanding and implementing standard precautions is essential for patient care and safety.
43:57
Infection Control and Wound Care Essentials
- Standard precautions include wearing eyewear, a mask, gown, and gloves in that order for sterile procedures.
- Washing in and washing out is crucial for maintaining cleanliness and discarding items inside the room.
- Contact precautions are essential to prevent transmission from a patient to another and involve wearing gowns and gloves.
- Droplet or airborne precautions are necessary for diseases like influenza and TB, requiring a negative pressure room and an N95 mask.
- Patients under contact precautions, even airborne precautions, can leave their room with precautions like covering wounds and wearing masks.
- Understanding wound healing involves the Braden scale, skin integrity, pressure ulcers, and stages of wound healing.
- Interventions for impaired skin integrity include repositioning, keeping patients dry, a high-protein diet, and padding bony prominences.
- Types of wound drainage devices like Jackson Pratt drains and primary, secondary, and tertiary intention wound healing are crucial to understand.
- RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) is vital for treating soft tissue injuries, with a focus on limiting time for heating or cooling devices on the skin.
- Accessing Picmonic's learning system is recommended for detailed information on all topics discussed in the webinar.
58:40
TB Test: Injection, Results, and Reporting Abuse
- TB test involves an intradermal injection of TB tuberculin, with a 48-72 hour wait for a type IV sensitivity reaction.
- Positive TB test results can occur due to exposure to TB, BCG vaccine, or no reaction, with different criteria for positivity.
- A positive TB test leads to a chest x-ray to check for TB in the lungs, as TB is primarily found there.
- False negative TB tests can occur due to the imperfect nature of the tests.
- Reporting abuse as a nurse should be done to authorities, following hospital policy.
- A 5mm induration in a TB test is positive only in high-risk or immunocompromised patients.
- Allergic reactions to TB tests are possible, but the test looks for a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, not an immediate allergic response.
