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Force L-1 | Torque and Couple | ICSE Class 10 Physics Chapter 1 | Umang Series | 9th & 10th English

Vedantu 9&10 English・35 minutes read

The session covers force, torque, equilibrium, center of gravity, and uniform circular motion, focusing on definitions and mathematical calculations. It delves into the concepts of translatory and rotational motion, with practical examples and problem-solving exercises to understand these physics principles.

Insights

  • Force is defined as a push or pull that can induce motion, change shape, direction, or speed, leading to both linear and rotational motion, with torque playing a crucial role in understanding rotational motion.
  • Torque, denoted by the symbol tau, is the product of force and perpendicular distance from the pivot, with greater distance resulting in increased torque, influencing the ease of rotation and pivotal in solving numerical problems involving forces and moments.

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Recent questions

  • What is force in physics?

    A push or pull inducing motion or change.

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Summary

00:00

Understanding Force and Torque in Motion

  • Today's session focuses on the ICSC 10th first chapter on force, starting with torque and couple.
  • The upcoming topics include equilibrium, principle of moments, numerical problem-solving, center of gravity, and uniform circular motion.
  • The chapter delves into centrifugal and centripetal forces, essential in understanding motion.
  • Force is defined as a push or pull that can induce motion, change shape, direction, or speed.
  • Force can lead to linear or rotational motion, exemplified by free vs. fixed rods' reactions to applied force.
  • Translatory motion occurs when a body moves in a straight line, while fixed motion involves rotation around a pivot.
  • The line of force passing through the pivot prevents rotation, as seen in the example of a door's hinge.
  • Torque, denoted by the symbol tau, is the product of force and perpendicular distance from the pivot.
  • Greater distance from the fixed point results in increased torque, affecting the ease of rotation.
  • Torque's SI unit is Newton meter, calculated as force multiplied by distance, crucial in understanding rotational motion.

13:13

Calculating Torque and Moment of Couple

  • A force of 20 newton is applied at a distance of 40 centimeters from a pivot point.
  • The task is to calculate the moment of force about the pivot, with options of 6 newton meter, 8 newton meter, 3 newton meter, or 4 newton meter.
  • The formula for torque is force multiplied by the perpendicular distance.
  • Converting the distance to meters by dividing by 100, the calculation results in 8 newton meter.
  • A nut is opened by a wrench of length 10 centimeters with a least force requirement of 5 newton.
  • The moment of force needed to turn the nut is to be found, with options of 50 newton meter, 0.5 newton centimeters, 5 newton meter, or 0.5 newton meter.
  • Converting the distance to meters and applying the formula, the result is 0.5 newton meter.
  • An iron door of a building, 3 meters broad, can be opened with a force of 100 newton at the middle.
  • The torque needed to open the door is calculated to be 150 newton meter.
  • The least force required at the end of the door to open it is determined to be 3 meters, as the width of the door is 3 meters.
  • A couple involves two equal and opposite forces acting along the same line, causing rotational motion.
  • The moment of couple is calculated by multiplying one of the forces by the distance between them.
  • In a scenario with two forces of 10 newton each acting vertically upwards and downwards on a rod of length 4 meters, the moment of couple is found to be 40 newton meter.

26:40

Calculating Resultant Moment of Two Forces

  • Moment of couple is 40 newton meter, calculated by multiplying the force by the perpendicular distance between the two forces.
  • Two forces of 10 newton each act at points A and B, 50 centimeters apart in opposite directions. The resultant moment at points A, B, and O (midway between the forces) needs to be calculated.
  • Moment at point A is 5 newton meter, calculated by multiplying the force (10 newton) by the perpendicular distance (0.5 meters).
  • Moment at point B is also 5 newton meter, calculated the same way as at point A.
  • Resultant moment at point O is 5 newton meter, obtained by adding the moments at points A and B (2.5 newton meter each).
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