Buniyaad NCERT Line by D and F Block Elements | Boards | NEET #neet #cbse #cbseboard #neet2024

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The speaker emphasized the completion of the D&F Block Elements chapter from the Buniyaad Series, crucial for board exams, JE, and NEET preparations, highlighting key points and Mnemonics for retention. The D block elements, transition metals, and their properties were discussed, focusing on electron configurations, atomic and ionic sizes, stability, oxidation states, and reactivity trends, stressing the importance of a thorough understanding for competitive exams.

Insights

The D&F Block Elements chapter in the Buniyaad Series is vital for board exams, JE, and NEET preparations, with detailed notes provided for retention.
Transition elements are defined by incomplete D sub shells in their neutral or ionic states, occupying the middle section of the periodic table.
Mnemonics aid in remembering the series of transition elements like 3D, 4D, and 5D, emphasizing the importance of understanding electron configurations for elements like copper and palladium.
The properties of transition elements, including metallic characteristics, melting points, and atomic sizes, are influenced by factors like unpaired electrons and interatomic metallic bonding.
The relationship between the number of unpaired electrons and melting points of transition metals is highlighted, with a focus on the impact of interatomic metallic bonding and shielding effects.
Actinoids consist of 14 elements from Th to Lr, with atomic numbers ranging from 89 to 103, featuring complex electron configurations, oxidation states, and applications in various industries.

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What are transition elements?
Transition elements have incomplete d sub shells.

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Summary

00:00

Mastering D&F Block Elements for Exams

The session focuses on completing the D&F Block Elements chapter in the Buniyaad Series.
The chapter is crucial for board exams, JE, and NEET preparations.
The NCERT book provides essential data for exam questions.
Many foreign and Indian authors offer detailed books on D&F Block Elements.
The speaker underlined key points in the NCERT chapter for emphasis.
Detailed notes will be provided to aid in retention of the chapter's content.
Transition elements are defined by incomplete D sub shells in their neutral or ionic states.
Zinc, cadmium, and mercury are examples of transition metals due to their incomplete d orbitals.
The D block elements occupy the middle section of the periodic table.
Mnemonics are recommended for remembering the series of transition elements like 3D, 4D, and 5D.

14:09

Transition Elements: Electron Configurations and Metallic Properties

The speaker recalls learning concepts in class 11th and emphasizes the importance of following the teacher's instructions.
A mnemonic is shared for remembering the order of filling electron orbitals: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s.
Exceptional cases in electron configurations for elements like copper and palladium are discussed, highlighting the importance of understanding these exceptions.
The speaker stresses the significance of memorizing specific electron configurations for certain elements to avoid confusion.
The importance of understanding the electronic configurations of transition elements is emphasized, particularly the significance of partially filled d orbitals.
Transition elements are noted for displaying metallic properties such as high tensile strength, ductility, malleability, and thermal and electrical conductivity.
Exceptions in the typical metallic structures of zinc, cadmium, mercury, and manganese at room temperature are highlighted.
The speaker discusses the hardness and low volatility of transition metals, attributing these properties to the presence of unpaired electrons and strong metallic bonding.
The relationship between the number of unpaired electrons and the melting point of transition metals is explained, emphasizing the role of interatomic metallic bonding.
The general properties of transition elements, including their high melting points and metallic bonding characteristics, are reiterated.

28:14

Transition Metal Melting Points and Bonding Trends

The melting point of metals rises to a maximum at d5, with manganese and TC values falling regularly as atomic numbers increase.
Zinc has a low melting point due to the absence of unpaired electrons, affecting metal-metal bonding.
Manganese's dip in melting point is due to its unique solid state structure, with chromium having the highest melting point.
The number of unpaired electrons in metal-metal interactions impacts bonding strength.
Metals with high enthalpy of atomization tend to have noble reactions.
Metals in the second and third series have greater enthalpy of atomization than corresponding series.
The effective nuclear charge increases as you move down a series, enhancing metal-metal bonding.
The atomic and ionic sizes of transition metals decrease progressively with increasing atomic number.
The shield effect of D electrons is not effective, leading to a decrease in ionic radius.
The radius of 3D series is smaller than 4D, which is smaller than 5D, with the 4f orbital filling causing a rapid increase in nuclear charge from 4D to 5D.

42:02

Transition Elements: 4f Before 5d Interference

Interference of 4f electrons must occur before 5d electrons in elements.
Filling 4f before 5d leads to regular decreases in atomic radius, known as length id contraction.
The size similarity between 4d and 5d elements is due to length id contraction.
Zarco's rule and Heff's rule show similar physical and chemical properties.
The second and third series have similar radii due to length id contraction.
Ionic radius decreases from 164 to 129 in the given data.
Manganese's radius increases due to a solid-state structure.
Density increases from titanium to copper, with a significant rise.
Zinc's density decreases due to its unique structure and unpaired electrons.
Ionization enthalpy increases along transition elements due to nuclear charge and poor shielding.

55:49

Electron Movement in Cobalt's Orbitals and Exchanges

Cobalt undergoes a conversion from 3d 7 4s 2 to 3d 74s.
The movement of electrons between 3d and 4s orbitals leads to an increase in exchanges.
This increase in exchanges results in a rise in exchange energy.
A loss of five units of exchange energy is mentioned.
The total amount to be paid due to this loss is 15 units.
An exception in Ko Ni's case is highlighted regarding energy exchanges.
Removal of electrons affects the relative energy of 4s and 3d orbitals.
The enthalpy of atomization values for various elements are detailed.
The enthalpy of atomization is influenced by the weakening of metal bonds.
Transition elements exhibit a variety of oxidation states, with specific examples provided.

01:10:40

Comparing stability and properties of transition metals.

Chromium PS6 tables are compared, with dp 6 and m+ 6 being more stable.
Chromium Six in the form of die chromate in acidic medium is a strong oxidant.
Thermo Chemical Para Meat related to the transformation of solid metal to m2 Pure water standard electrode Potential is discussed.
The behavior of Copper in liberating hydrogen from acid is highlighted.
The general trend towards negative e values across the series is explained.
Atomization energy is detailed, with specific cases for Chromium, Manganese, Copper, and Zinc.
Ionization energy and hydration energy are compared for metal conversion.
The stability of Scandium 3 and Zinc 2 Ps is linked to noble gas configurations.
The comparative values of Nickel and Nadian are discussed in relation to stability.
The importance of understanding the D&F Block Elements table in NCERT is emphasized for comprehensive learning.

01:26:26

"Metal Reactivity Trends and Coordination Compounds"

Zinc is the first element discussed, with a focus on atomization trends and its position in the NCRT table.
Ionization energy is highlighted, with a mention of how it varies for different elements like manganese and zinc.
The discussion delves into the ionization energy of manganese and zinc, particularly focusing on manganese 2+ and zinc 2+.
The concept of hydration is introduced, with manganese, zinc, and nickel being the elements of focus.
Reactivity trends are explored, with negative values indicating a reduction in reactivity.
Specific reactivity values are compared, with a detailed analysis of why certain elements exhibit increased reactivity.
The text transitions to discussing coordination compounds, emphasizing the importance of studying NCRT for a comprehensive understanding.
The oxidation states of various metals, including manganese, titanium, and copper, are detailed, with a focus on stability and reactivity.
The stability of copper in different oxidation states is explained, highlighting the role of hydration energy and ionization energy.
The text concludes with a discussion on oxides and cations of various metals, emphasizing the role of oxygen in stabilizing high oxidation states.

01:41:46

Understanding Coordination Chemistry and Transition Metals

Coordination chemistry will be discussed tomorrow, emphasizing the importance of understanding coordination through practical examples.
The reactivity of metals in the first series, except copper, with oxidants like H+ is discussed, highlighting the role of titanium and vanadium.
The trend of decreasing tendency to form metal two plus ions across the series is explained based on e values and ionization enthalpy.
Manganese, nickel, and zinc exhibit more negative values than expected, deviating from the general trend.
The stability of half-filled d5 in manganese 2+ and fully-filled d10 in Zn2+ is linked to negative hydration enthalpy.
Manganese 3+ and cobalt 3+ are identified as the strongest oxidants in aqueous solutions, with explanations for their properties.
The reducing agents titanium 2+, vanadium 2+, and chromium 2+ are discussed in terms of their oxidation and reduction tendencies.
The e values for redox couples M3+ to M2+ are compared, highlighting the properties of manganese 3+ and cobalt 3+.
The discussion extends to the behavior of chromium 2+ and Fe3+ as reducing agents, emphasizing their oxidation and reduction tendencies.
The importance of studying D&F block elements and coordination compounds in NCERT for competitive exams is emphasized, stressing the need for thorough understanding.

01:55:59

"Colorful Chemistry: Electron Transitions and Properties"

Energy is absorbed when excited, transitioning to a state called DD.
Transitioning up results in an unpaired electron in an excited state.
Returning to the ground state involves absorbing light energy.
The absorbed light frequency determines the color observed.
Different energy levels absorb different light frequencies.
Specific transitions in the visible region result in observed colors.
The nature of the transition determines the color absorbed.
Memorization techniques for identifying colors based on electron configurations are taught.
Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states, influencing catalytic activity.
Interstitial compounds form when small atoms are trapped in metal crystal lattices, affecting properties like melting point and conductivity.

02:10:37

Metal Conductivity Affected by Hydrogen Addition

Adding hydrogen to metal causes loss of conductivity
Chemicals discussed are inert
Interstitial compound details not deeply studied
Transition metals form alloys due to similar radii and properties
Ferrous alloys like chromium, tungsten, and manganese used for steel production
Brass contains copper and zinc, bronze has copper and tin
Potassium dichromate is crucial in leather industry for azo compounds
Chromite fusion with sodium carbonate yields potassium dichromate
Sodium dichromate is more soluble than potassium dichromate
Dichromate and chromate ions have distinct structures and colors

02:26:43

"KMnO4: A Powerful Oxidant in Textile Production"

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Potassium permanganate is prepared by fusion of mno2
Pyro Lucite and Pyro Lucite are involved in the process
Alkali metal fuse with hydroxide and oxidants like kno3 produce dark green color of k2 mno4
Acidification of k2 mno4 leads to permanganate in neutral and acidic solutions
KMnO4 is prepared by alkaline oxidative fusion of mno2 with alkali or oxido air or kno3
KMnO4 is used as a favorite oxidant in preparation of silk and other textile fibers, and for decolorization of oils

02:46:48

"Master Bitset and Transition Elements in 51 Minutes"

Ask questions periodically during the session
Focus on understanding Bitset's concepts
Discuss Bitset in detail later
Only 51 minutes left for the current topic
Start learning about Transition Elements
Understand the F Block Elements
Actinoids are the 14 elements following Lanthanum
Actinoids are complex due to various oxidation states
Memorize atomic numbers from 58 to 71
Remember the Lassi Garh mnemonic for exceptions in Lanthanoids and Actinoids

03:00:16

Lanthanides, Europium, and Oxidation States Explained

The text discusses the oxidation state of various compounds, including Lanthanides and Europium.
It emphasizes the importance of studying theory thoroughly, especially from NCRT, for competitive exams like JE and NEET.
Cerium's transition from +3 to +4 oxidation state is explained due to electronic configuration and noble gas stability.
Europium's behavior in oxidation states is detailed, showing a preference for +3 due to common oxidation states.
Lanthanides are known for their coloration in solid and aqueous states, with some dependent on f electron presence for color.
The ionization enthalpy of Lanthanides is around 600 kJ/mol, with variations in third ionization enthalpy indicating stability.
Lanthanides are reactive, becoming more like Aluminum with increasing atomic numbers.
Lanthanides release hydrogen gas when heated with carbon, forming carbides and oxides when reacted with halogens.
Lanthanides are used in alloy steels, misch metal, and as catalysts in petroleum cracking and phosphors in TV screens.
Actinoids consist of 14 elements from Th to Lr, with atomic numbers ranging from 89 to 103, and their study is becoming more relevant in exams.

03:14:48

Actinoids: Electron Configuration, Oxidation States, Properties

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Discussion on the electron configuration of actinoids and the confusion surrounding the filling of 5f and 6d orbitals
Explanation of the electron configuration of thorium and the discrepancies in the expected configuration
Detailed breakdown of the electron configurations of actinoids, highlighting the variations and exceptions in the filling of orbitals
Explanation of the oxidation states of actinoids and the variability in their oxidation numbers
Comparison between actinoids and lanthanides in terms of oxidation states and general characteristics
Discussion on the magnetic properties of actinoids and the complexity compared to lanthanides
Explanation of the ionization enthalpy of actinoids and the penetration of 5f electrons into the inner core
Comparison of actinoids with lanthanides in terms of different characteristics and properties
Overview of the production of steel as a construction material and the manufacturing of compounds for specific purposes, such as in the pigment industry and dry cell batteries.

03:28:44

Various Catalysts in Chemical Reactions

Jigla nata catalyst known as tl4 and al3 or a ch3 is used in making polythene.
Ion Catalyst is utilized in Hebb's process for Ammonia production.
Nickel Catalyst is essential for the hydrogenation of fat.
Pdcl2 catalyzes the oxidation of Ethyne to ethanol.

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