Breathing & Exchange Of Gases Class 11 Bio Mini Shot | NEET 2024 Biology | Ritu Rattewal

Biofairy Ritu Rattewal・2 minutes read

Breathing involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, with the respiratory system playing a crucial role in this process across different species. Various factors such as muscle contraction, volume changes, and gas exchange are essential for respiration to occur efficiently.

Insights

  • Breathing and respiration are distinct processes, with breathing involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, while respiration encompasses a series of steps like changing thoracic chamber volume and gaseous exchange in the alveoli.
  • Understanding the differences in respiratory systems across species is crucial for comprehending respiration, with various animals utilizing unique organs like lungs, tracheal systems, or gills, and the mechanism of breathing involving inspiration and expiration to create negative pressure for air movement.

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Recent questions

  • What is the process of respiration?

    Respiration involves breathing and gaseous exchange.

  • How does the thoracic chamber aid in respiration?

    The thoracic chamber changes volume for breathing.

  • What is the primary site of gas exchange in the body?

    Gas exchange primarily occurs at the lung surface.

  • How does hemoglobin facilitate oxygen transport in the body?

    Hemoglobin binds with oxygen reversibly for transport.

  • What factors influence the oxygen dissociation curve?

    The oxygen dissociation curve is influenced by CO2, H+, and temperature.

Related videos

Summary

00:00

Respiratory Systems Across Species: An Overview

  • Breathing and respiration are different processes, with breathing involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
  • The respiratory system starts with the nasal cavity, leading to the pharynx, trachea, and bronchi, which branch into bronchioles.
  • The respiratory system includes conducting and exchange parts, with the conducting part purifying, humidifying, and regulating air.
  • Gaseous exchange occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide exits.
  • Different animals have varying respiratory organs, with insects using a tracheal system, aquatic arthropods having gills, and mammals like humans relying on lungs.
  • Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals all have unique respiratory systems, such as birds using pulmonary respiration.
  • Understanding the differences in respiratory systems across species is crucial for comprehending the process of respiration.

15:59

"Thoracic Chamber and Breathing Mechanics"

  • Respiration involves steps that include changing the volume of the thoracic chamber.
  • The thoracic chamber consists of the vertebral column, sternum, ribs, and diaphragm.
  • The intercostal muscles aid in changing the volume of the thoracic chamber.
  • The dome-shaped diaphragm plays a crucial role in respiration.
  • The thoracic chamber creates negative pressure, allowing air to rush in during inspiration.
  • Inspiration is an active process that involves muscle contraction and ATP expenditure.
  • The expansion of the thoracic chamber leads to increased lung volume and negative pressure.
  • The external intercostal muscles contract to elevate the ribs, expanding the ribcage.
  • Lung volume decreases during expiration, leading to air rushing out due to increased pressure.
  • The mechanism of breathing involves inspiration and expiration, creating negative pressure for air movement.

34:59

Respiratory System: Functions and Gas Exchange Basics

  • Ribs are done, add D 12 P 24 36 and a stern 37 for a total of 37 ribs.
  • Respiratory volumes will be read later, starting with respiratory volume first.
  • Intra-pulmonary pressure is always high, indicating more pressure.
  • Intra-pleural pressure is always less than intra-pulmonary pressure.
  • The primary site of gas exchange is at the lung surface.
  • Gaseous exchange with blood vessels occurs, leading to oxygen-rich blood.
  • The five steps of respiration involve breathing, gaseous exchange, transport of gases, diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and utilization of oxygen in cellular respiration.
  • Abdominal muscles can increase strength of inspiration and expression.
  • Pulmonary ventilation involves external and internal intercostal muscles.
  • Understanding partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide is crucial for gas exchange.

52:39

Respiratory Volume, Hemoglobin, and Oxygen Transport Relations

  • Respiratory volume must be memorized for transport of gases.
  • Modi ji is not giving NEET this time due to being busy in elections.
  • Oxygen transport involves RBCs and plasma in blood vessels.
  • Hemoglobin binds with oxygen reversibly in a diagram with four hemes and globin chains.
  • Favorable conditions for oxyhemoglobin formation in the lungs include high oxygen partial pressure, low CO2 concentration, and low H+ concentration.
  • CO2 dissolves in plasma and forms bicarbonate ions in deoxygenated blood.
  • In tissues, the equation shifts with CO2 escaping, forming bicarbonate ions and CO2 again.
  • Hemoglobin carries oxygen in a reversible manner, affected by partial pressure of oxygen, CO2, hydrogen ions, and temperature.
  • A sigmoid curve shows the percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen against partial pressure of oxygen.
  • The oxygen dissociation curve is not a straight line, indicating the relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen, influenced by CO2 concentration, hydrogen ions, and temperature.

01:09:58

Oxygen saturation in tissues and lungs

  • Tissues exhibit less saturation at the same concentration due to high pCO2, high H+ levels, and low temperature.
  • The oxygen dissociation curve shifts to the right in tissues and to the left in the lungs.
  • Hemoglobin's ability to hold oxygen is crucial for saturation levels.
  • The Haldane Effect, Bohr Effect, and chloride shift are significant factors affecting oxygen binding.
  • The oxygen dissociation curve is essential for studying factors like pCO2 and temperature.
  • Blood carries 5ml of oxygen for every 100ml of oxygenated blood to tissues.
  • Carbon dioxide is carried by hemoglobin and is affected by pCO2 levels.
  • The enzyme facilitating the conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate is crucial in tissues.
  • The regulation of respiration involves neural and chemical controls, affecting the respiratory rhythm.
  • Disorders like asthma and occupational respiratory issues can severely impact lung health.

01:27:05

Lung Volumes and Capacities in Breathing

  • Tidal Volume is the amount of air taken in during normal breathing.
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is the additional air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal breath.
  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) is higher than 2500-3000 ml.
  • Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is the sum of Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), Tidal Volume (TV), and Residual Volume (RV).
  • Residual Volume (RV) is the air that remains in the lungs after forceful exhalation.
  • Vital Capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a forceful inhalation.
  • Vital Capacity is calculated by adding Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV), Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV), and Tidal Volume (TV).
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