BPSC TGT Science Marathon 2024 | Complete BPSC TGT Science #3 By Amit Sir

TGT PGT Adda247・2 minutes read

Today's lesson explains the functions of the digestive, respiratory, and circulatory systems, detailing processes such as enzyme breakdown, nutrient absorption, gaseous exchange, and blood circulation. It covers key organs like the stomach, liver, esophagus, small intestine, lungs, heart, and veins, as well as topics such as hypertension, pulse pressure, and respiratory rates.

Insights

  • The digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrients and eliminating waste, with key organs like the stomach, small intestine, and liver playing crucial roles in digestion and nutrient absorption.
  • The respiratory system focuses on gaseous exchange, with structures like the nasal cavity, larynx, and alveoli facilitating breathing and oxygen delivery to the body, distinct from processes like cellular respiration or pulmonary ventilation.

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Recent questions

  • What is the primary function of the digestive system?

    The primary function is absorption of nutrients and excretion.

  • What enzyme in the mouth breaks down carbohydrates?

    Salivary enzyme or Tylin breaks down carbohydrates.

  • What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

    The primary function is gaseous exchange.

  • What is the term for high blood pressure?

    Hypertension is high blood pressure.

  • What does the left ventricle pump into the body?

    The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood.

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Summary

00:00

Digestive, Respiratory, and Circulatory Systems Overview

  • Today's lesson covers 60 questions on the digestive system, respiratory system, and circulatory system.
  • The primary function of the digestive system is the absorption of nutrients and excretion of excretory substances.
  • The stomach is responsible for the mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
  • The enzyme in the mouth that breaks down carbohydrates is salivary enzyme or Tylin.
  • The esophagus is the muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach.
  • The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients in the digestive system.
  • Pepsin is the enzyme in the stomach that breaks down proteins.
  • The liver produces bile that helps in the digestion of fats.
  • Bile is stored in the gall bladder before being released into the small intestine.
  • The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and electrolytes from catabolized food.

14:24

Respiratory System Functions and Anatomy

  • The valve in the pyelo region is known as Pielo Ventr, with option B being the correct answer.
  • Initial digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth is carried out by saliva from the salivary glands, containing Tylin, also known as salivary mucus, responsible for digestion.
  • 30% of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the mouth.
  • Partial digestion of food in the stomach is facilitated by gastric juice, not pancreatic juice or bile, with pepsin and gastric lipase being the enzymes present in gastric juice.
  • The primary function of the respiratory system is gaseous exchange, not hormone regulation, immune response, or nutrient absorption.
  • The nasal cavity, with its mucous membrane and cilia, is responsible for heating, humidifying, and filtering air entering the respiratory system.
  • The flap of tissue covering the trachea during swallowing is the epiglottis.
  • The voice box in the respiratory system is known as the larynx, housing two pairs of vocal cords for phonation.
  • Squamous cells line the alveoli, facilitating gaseous exchange.
  • The primary muscle involved in breathing is the diaphragm, responsible for the arching shape of the lungs during inhalation.

29:33

Respiratory System Functions and Structures Explained

  • The connection of the larynx gives access to the nasal cavity, visible from the trachea.
  • Confusion arises regarding the visibility of the sofa from the trachea.
  • The correct answer to the question is E, A, B, C, or D, with the trachea being B.
  • Gaseous exchange between blood and blood cells is termed internal respiration.
  • The term for gaseous exchange is internal respiration, distinct from cellular respiration, external respiration, or pulmonary ventilation.
  • The residual volume refers to the air remaining in the lungs post-maximum exhalation, ranging from 1100 to 1200 ml.
  • The larynx is the structure in the respiratory system responsible for sound production.
  • During breathing, the chest cavity expands as the diaphragm contracts, represented by option B.
  • The primary function of the circulatory system is the transport of nutrient gases, hormones, and waste.
  • The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the body, with the mitral or bicuspid valve preventing backflow into the left atrial valve.

45:14

Understanding Blood Pressure and Cardiac Function

  • Hypertension is the term for high blood pressure, occurring when blood pressure rises above 140/110, potentially leading to heart failure, hemorrhage, and cardiac dysfunction.
  • Veins, specifically the pulmonary vein and the superior and inferior vena cava, return blood to the heart after oxygen has been delivered to the tissues.
  • The coronary artery supplies oxygen to the heart muscle, while cardiac output refers to the total volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute, typically around 5040 ml.
  • Pulse pressure is calculated as systolic minus diastolic pressure, with a normal respiratory rate of 14 to 16 breaths per minute, and a pulse pressure of 40 to 45.
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