Biomolecules in One Shot 🧬 Class 11 Biology | NEET 2024 πŸ“š Nivetha Ma'am

Vedantu NEET Tamil・2 minutes read

Students can join a live session focusing on biology topics, scholarships, and chemistry of biomolecules. The session delves into amino acids, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, and factors influencing enzyme activity.

Insights

  • Biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, play crucial roles in living organisms, with proteins serving various functions like enzymes and antibodies.
  • Enzymes are bio-catalysts that accelerate reactions by lowering activation energy, with factors like temperature, pH, and substrate concentration influencing their activity, and they can be inhibited by competitive or non-competitive inhibitors, necessitating co-factors like prosthetic groups, coenzymes, and metal ions for proper function.

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Recent questions

  • What are the primary components of nucleic acids?

    Nucleotides

  • How are proteins structured at a molecular level?

    Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

  • What are the functions of enzymes in biological systems?

    Increase reaction rates

  • How do fatty acids differ based on their saturation levels?

    Saturated, unsaturated

  • What are the key components of polysaccharides like starch?

    Glucose

Related videos

Summary

00:00

"Understanding Biomolecules: Chemistry, Biology, and Scholarships"

  • Biomolecules are essential for understanding chemistry and biology, aiding in scoring marks in both subjects.
  • A live session is scheduled for two days later, focusing on biology topics and discussing students' progress.
  • The session may last up to one and a half hours, with a focus on NCERT questions and preparation.
  • An offline scholarship admission test offers up to 70% scholarship and free counseling for foundation, NEET, and J courses.
  • The session delves into biomolecules, emphasizing the presence of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in living organisms.
  • Homogenization of tissue using trichloroacetic acid separates micro and macro molecules, aiding in chemical composition analysis.
  • Micro molecules have a molecular weight less than 10,000, while macro molecules exceed this weight.
  • Analyzing the chemical composition involves weighing, drying, burning, and analyzing the ash for inorganic elements.
  • Metabolism encompasses catabolism and anabolism, with metabolites being the intermediate or final products of metabolism.
  • Primary metabolites directly contribute to growth, while secondary metabolites have additional functions, seen in plants, fungi, and microbes.

27:50

Biochemistry Basics: Amino Acids, Lipids, Nucleic Acids

  • Amino acids are classified based on the side chain nonar aliphatic R Group, with nonpolar aliphatic R Groups like glycine and alanine.
  • Methionine is significant for containing amino, hyen, oxy, and nitrogen.
  • Polar uncharged amino acids are water-soluble and contain hydroxy groups, like serine and cysteine.
  • Aromatic amino acids include phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan with aromatic R groups.
  • Positively charged R Groups, like lysine and arginine, are basic due to extra positive charges.
  • Sulfur-containing amino acids are cysteine and methionine.
  • Fatty acids are long-chain hydrocarbons, with saturated lacking double bonds and unsaturated having one or more double bonds.
  • Glycerol is Trihydroxypropane, forming monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides through esterification.
  • Complex lipids include fatty acids, glycerol, and additional molecules like phosphates, forming phospholipids.
  • Nucleic acids are macromolecules made of nucleotides, consisting of nitrogenous bases, ribose sugar, and phosphate groups, with purines and pyrimidines forming nucleosides and nucleotides.

57:14

Bio macromolecules: Nucleic acids, lipids, proteins

  • Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides.
  • Lipids and nucleic acids are discussed.
  • Proteins are bio macromolecules made up of amino acids.
  • Proteins are formed by peptide bonds between amino acids.
  • The peptide bond is a covalent bond formed by sharing electrons.
  • The number of peptide bonds in a protein is one less than the number of amino acids.
  • Proteins are heteropolymers made up of different amino acids.
  • Proteins have various functions in the body, including enzymes and antibodies.
  • Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body.
  • Proteins have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures involving different types of bonds like peptide and disulfide bonds.

01:25:23

"Polysaccharides, Enzymes, and Cellulose: A Summary"

  • Polysaccharides like starch and glycogen are composed of glucose, with starch found in plants and glycogen in animals.
  • Starch forms a helical secondary structure that can hold iodine molecules, turning blue-black upon interaction.
  • Inulin is a polymer of fructose found in certain plants.
  • In a polysaccharide, the right end is the reducing end, and the left end is the non-reducing end.
  • Plant cell walls are primarily made of cellulose, used in products like paper and cotton fiber.
  • Enzymes are bio-catalysts that increase the rate of reactions, with 99% being proteins and the rest RNA.
  • Enzymes reduce activation energy, making the transition state more stable and increasing reaction rates.
  • Enzymes have an active site where substrates bind, forming an enzyme-substrate complex that leads to product formation.
  • Factors affecting enzyme activity include temperature, pH, and substrate concentration, with enzymes becoming saturated at high substrate levels.
  • Enzyme inhibitors can be competitive or non-competitive, affecting the enzyme's ability to bind with substrates. Co-factors are non-protein parts of enzymes that aid in their function.

01:54:21

Co-actors in Enzyme Reactions: Types and Roles

  • Three types of co-actors are discussed: prosthetic groups, coenzymes, and metal.
  • Prosthetic groups are large organic compounds, with an example being he in enzymes like peroxidase and catalase that break down hydrogen peroxide.
  • Coenzymes are vitamin derivatives, such as NAD and NADP, aiding in oxidation-reduction reactions.
  • Enzymes require metal ions as co-actors for their activity, forming coordination bonds, like zinc in carboxypeptidase and mg2+ in exoin.
  • Enzymes are classified based on the nature of reactions they catalyze, with names reflecting their function, such as dehydrogenases for oxidation-reduction reactions and transferases for phosphate group transfers.
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